IC-ENHANCEMENT 1

JOSE MOVIE P. APAREJO

 What is enforcement?
• - it refers to the act of enforcing, ensuring observance of or obedience
to; that which enforces, constraints, gives force, authority or effect to.
What is Law Enforcement?
- is any system by which some members of government act in an
organized manner to enforce the law by discovering, deterring,
rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and norms
governing that society.
What is Law Enforcement Administration?

-refer to administering or managing the enforcement of law in order to

ensure its observance or obedience for the common good.
What is Law Enforcement Agency or
Organization?
• Refers to a government agency that is responsible for the enforcement
of the laws.
Who is a Law Enforcement Officer?
• -is a government employee who is responsible for the prevention,
investigation, apprehension, or detention of individuals suspected or
convicted of offenses against the criminal laws.
Bases of Law Enforcement
• Crime
• Law and Order
• Criminal Law
• Criminal Justice
 Tri-Bureau of the Department of the
Interior and Local Government
• PNP (December 13, 1990)- was created by RA. 6975 (an act establishing the PNP
under a Reorganize Department of the Interior and Local Government). it was national
in scope and civilian in character police force. It was later amended by R.A. 8551 in
February 25, 1998 which lead to its reformation and reorganization. Moreover R.A.
6975 also incorporated the Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology.
• BFP- responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive fire on
buildings, houses and other structures, forest, land transportation vehicles and others.
It enforce the Fire Code and other related laws, it also investigates all causes of fires
and file the proper complaints with the city or provincial prosecutor who has
jurisdiction over the case.
• Bureau of Jail Management and Penology- exercise supervision over all city and
municipal jails and control over all city and municipal jails.
Legal Bases of PNP
• 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XVI, Section 6. The State shall establish and
maintain one police force, which shall be national in scope and civilian in character,
to be administered and controlled by a National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).
• Republic Act 6975. An act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a
Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and other purposes
or DILG Act of 1990.
• Republic Act 8551. An act Providing for the Reform and Reorganization of the
Philippine National Police, or Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization act of 1998.
• Republic Act 9708. An act Extending for 5 years the Reglementary Period for
complying with the minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP
and adjusting the Promotion system.
The National Police Commission
• Is created for the purpose of effectively discharging the functions
prescribed in the 1987 Philippine Constitution and provided in the
R.A. 8551. The commission shall be an agency attached to the DILG
for policy and program coordination.
Composition of the NAPOLCOM
• It shall be composed of 1 Chairperson
• Four Regular Commissioners
• The chief of PNP as Ex-officio Member of the commission
 PNP Seal Symbolism and Meaning
• The Native Shield- The symbol of the PC, the first National Police
• The sun rays- it symbolizes the flowering, maturing and ultimate realization of the glorious
evolution of the PC/INP into the National Police Organization
• Lapu-Lapu- the great Filipino hero of Mactan, the prototype of the best and most noble in
Filipino manhood who is the symbol and embodiment of all the genuine attributes and traits
of leadership, courage, nationalism, self-reliance and a people based and people powered
community defense.
• The Three Stars-it reflects the Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the 1,700 islands and the
territorial integrity wherein the National Police must enforce the law and maintain peace and
order with professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and
traditions of service to our country and people.
• Service, Honor and Justice-it is the distinct ideals for the officers, men and women of the the
PNP.
• Laurel Leaves-symbolize the Regional commands. It is also a symbol of the honor ,dignity
and the privilege of being a member of a noble organization where the call to public service
 The PNP Badge, Symbolism and Meaning

• Philippine Eagle-it represents the Philippine national bird symbol of swiftness,

power, courage and immortality.
• Three stars-stand for Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
• Shield- it symbolizes of protection of all citizens
• Sun with Eight rays- it derived from the Philippine national flag to which the
eight (8) rays represent the eight provinces whose ideals of scourge, gallantry
and patriotism led to their revolt against Spain.
• Lapu Lapu- it symbolizes the bravery of the PNP.
• Scroll with inscription-it represents the PNP’s motto: Service, Honor and Justice.
• Laurel Leaves-it symbolizes the competency, brilliance and honor expected from
each and every member of the PNP.
Police to Population ratio in the City or
Municipal Police Station
• On the Average-1:500
• Minimum-1:1000
• Higher Minimum: this is applicable to urban areas as may be
prescribed by regulations.
Appointment
• - means job or position for which police applicants are selected to the
police service it I the designation of a person to an office or position
by competent authority.
• Permanent appointment-it is lasting, intended for indefinite position.
• Temporary appointment- it refers to an appointment rendered to an applicant
in the police service who fails to meet the appropriate eligibility.
Promotion
• -refers to the conferment to the next higher rank with an increase in
duties and responsibilities as authorized by law, usually accompanied
by the corresponding increase in salary.
 Kinds of Promotion
• Regular Promotion- it refers to the promotion to the next higher rank grant to any
uniformed personnel who passed the minimum qualification standard.
• Promotion by virtue of position- any PNP personnel designated to any key
position whose rank is lower than that which is required for such position shall,
after six (6) months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment
corresponding to the position.
• Special promotion or meritorious promotion-it refers to the promotion to the next
higher rank granted to any uniformed personnel who has exhibited act of
conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the
call of duty.
• Spot Promotion
• Posthumous Promotion
Kinds of PNP Retirement
• 1. Compulsory Retirement
• -Compulsory Retirement Due to Age
• -Compulsory Retirement by Reason of Physical Disability
• -Compulsory Retirement Due to Missing in Action (MIA)

• 2. Optional Retirement
Citizens Complaints
• Chiefs of Police- where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,
restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary or nay combination
thereof, for a period not exceeding 15 days.
• Mayors of Cities and Municipalities- for period of not less than 16 day but not
exceeding 30 days.
• People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB)-for a period exceeding 30 days or by
dismissal.
 Internal Discipline-
• on dealing with minor offense involving internal discipline found to have been committed by any
regular member of their respective commands, the duly designated supervisors and equivalent
officers of the PNP shall, after due notice and summary hearing. All breach of internal discipline
should be filed to the following:
• Chiefs of Police or equivalent supervisors-may summarily impose the administrative punishment of
admonition or reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or
suspension; or any of the combination of the foregoing provided that in all cases, the total period shall not
exceed 15 days.
• Provincial directors or equivalent supervisors- the total period shall not exceed 30 days
• Police regional directors or equivalent- shall have the power to impose upon any member punishment of
dismissal from the service. He may also impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand;
restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any of the
combination of the foregoing provided that in all cases, the total period shall not exceed 60 days.
• Chief of PNP- shall have the power to impose punishment of dismissal from the service, suspension or
forfeiture of salary or any combination thereof for a period not exceeding 180 days provided, further that the
chief of the PNP shall be the authority to place police personnel under restrictive custody during the pendency
of a grave administrative case filed against him or even after the filing of a criminal complaint, grave in
nature against such police personnel.
 The Internal Affairs Service (IAS)
• Powers and Functions of IAS
• Pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP personnel and units
• Investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of an open investigation.
• Conduct summary hearing on PNP members facing administrative charges
• Submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis and evaluation of the
character and behavior of PNP personnel and units to the Chief PNP and the
Commission.
• File appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before the court as
evidence warrants and assist in the prosecution of the case.
• Provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases involving the
personnel of PNP.
Disciplinary Appellate Bodies or
Authorities
• Regional and National Appellate Boards
• Department of Interior and Local Government
• Civil Service Commission (CSC)
 Principles of the PNP Organization
• Principle of Unity of Objective- an organization is effective if it enables individuals to contribute to the
organizations objectives.
• Principle of Organizational Efficiency- an organization structure is effective if it is structure to aid the
accomplishment of the organizations objectives with a minimum costs.
• The Scalar Principle (Chain of Command)- it prescribes the vertical hierarchy of organizations.
• Unity of command
• Span of control
• Delegation of authority
• Functional Principle- prescribed the horizontal growth of the organization
• Line and Staff Principle- Organizations must provide an orderly arrangement of functions so that the objectives can
be accomplished effectively. The line and staff principle provide two basic structures in organization:
• Line structure
• Staff structure
• Directorial Staff Principle-prescribes the directorial authority of the Directorate in the national and regional levels
and other equivalent units.
• Principle of Balance- every structure there is a need for balance.
• Principle of Delegation- authority delegated to all individual managers should be adequate to ensure their ability to
accomplish the expected results.
Principles of the PNP
Organization
• Principle of absoluteness of responsibility-the responsibility of subordinates to their
superiors for performance is absolute, and superiors are accountable for their subordinates
activities.
• Principle of Parity of Authority and Responsibility- the responsibility for action cannot be
greater than that implied by the authority delegated, nor should it be less.
• Authority-Level Principle- maintenance of intended delegation requires that decisions
within the authority of individual commander should be made by them and not be referred
upward in the organizational structure.
• Principle of Flexibility- the more provisions are made for building flexibility in an
organizational structure, the more adequately an organization’s structure can fulfill its
purpose.
• Principle of Leadership Facilitation- the more an organization’s structure an its delegation
of authority enable leaders/ commanders to design an maintain an environment for
performance, the more they will help the leadership abilities of those in command.
 The Chain of command
• Levels of Chain of Command
• Top Echelon- the top most level in the chain where the overall responsibility
and authority over subordinate commands and units is placed.
• Middle Echelon-constitutes subordinate commands/units apportioned by the
commander in order to accomplish his tasks.
• Police Regional offices or National Support Units
• Provincial or City Police Offices or NCR District Offices.
• Municipal Police Offices/Numbered Police Stations- the lower middle
echelon
• Lower Echelon- is comprised of the subordinate units further apportioned by
subordinate commanders such as the municipal and city police stations.