JUDAISM AND THE JEWS

JUDAISM- derived from

the word Judah which is
the name of the 4 son
th

of 12 son of JACOB.
Jews-{ Yehudu in Hebrew} –refers to
the member of the tribe of Judah.
• Majority of Jews resides in Israel
• 6.2 m resides in united state
• 600,000 were resides in France and some
migrate to Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia
• 420,000 in Canada and 360,000 in united
kingdom
Jews are also called Hebrews of Israelites because
they are descendants of Abraham.

Israelites – children of Israel

Non Jews – called Gentiles in the Hebrew
bible
 Founder of Judaism
Abraham [2000 BCE]
- Made covenant or contract with god which god bless
and protect the lives of those who obey him.

Moses { 1391-1271 BCE

God made his commandment know to the
people the specific rules that god wanted to
obey as part of the covenant.
This rule become a
significant part of the torah ,
the sacred text of Judaism.
First Patriah –Abraham and Senai live in
UR called Iraq when god said go hom e
to your country , your people and your
fathers household , I will bless you and I
will make your name great I will bless
those who bless you and whoever
curses you I will curse.
As part of the covenant ,
God required every male
in the family of Abraham
to circumcised
 Sons of Abraham

Abraham- Hagar
Ismael – Father of Arab Nation
Abraham – SARAH
Isaac
Abraham`s obedience he sacrifice Isaac with
the sacrificial knife to test the obedience to the
lord.
Moses – born during time when Israelites
were slave in Egypt.
- Started when joseph one of the 12 sons
sold by his brother.
- Joseph talents of interpreting dreams ,
intelligence and character and once he
become as powerful as paroah a
powerful leader in Egypt.
When Jacob died
Israelite were forced to become slave in
the Egyptian empire.
- God chose Moses to lead them out of
Egypt and return to the promised land
of Canaan. By helping them cross the
red sea by dry land by making the water
subside.
Tanaka- Sacred writing of
Jews .Hebrew
Talmund – Supplementary one
Bible – derived from the Greek
word Biblia which means book
Hebrews bible classified into three group
1.Torah- the Teaching
2.Nevi`im- the Prophets
3.Ketuvim- writings
Torah- is the set of laws that god gave
to Moses in mt. Sinai.
2 forms
1.Writing Torah- consist of 613 rules
{MITZVOT IN HEBREW]which includes
the ten commandment wroth in two
table stones.
2.Oral Torah-which Moses transmitted to
Aaron, and transmitted to his son and
others as an oral tradition.
Tanakah contains of five books
namely Genesis, Exodus ,
Leviticus, Numbers and
Deuteronomy.
Also known as Pentateuch or five
books of Moses.
Nevi`im – consist of materials from what
are called former prophets.
Kethuvim- consist of materialsthat are
generally based on human knowledge
and experiences , some of which reflect
Greek, Persian and Egyptian influences
that greatly influence the esraelites.
The Basic Doctrines covers the 613 Mitzvot
OLAM-HA –BA- the Jewesh believe in afterlife
and translated as “ the world to come”
Some jews believe in reincarnation while some
believe in Christian similar to heaven and hell.
The difference the jews believe that
funishment in hell is only temporary there is
specified time for the punishment after which
the soul is either completely destroyed or goes
to state of remorse.
The Messianic Age-
The Jews believe in the coming of Messiah and the
resurrection of the righteous dead
Messiah – literally mean the anointed one”. Believe
in Messianic Judaism and not believe that Jesus
Christ is a messiah
Before Christ, there in fact they also claim they are
the Messiah all of whom Jews are rejected. They also
believe prophet Elijah who did not die but simply
assended to heaven.
Some of the major festivals and
celebrations of Jews are Days of Awe,
Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah), Day of
Atonement (Yom Kippur), Festival of
Thanksgiving (Sukkot), Festival of Lights
(Hanukah), Merry Making Festival
(Purim), Festival of Freedom (Pessah or
Passover) and Festival of Weeks
(Shabuot).
There are 5 fixed prayers:

• Shacharit: recited in the first third of the day, every

day.
• Mincha: recited in the second half of the day, every
day.
• Maariv (also called Arvit): recited at night every day.
• Mussaf: recited only on the Sabbath and Holidays.
(after Shacharit and before Mincha)
• Ne'ila: recited only on communal fast days,
particularly on Yom Kippur. (Recited after Mincha)
There are 5 fixed prayers:

Shacharit: recited in the first third of the day, every

day.
Mincha: recited in the second half of the day, every
day.
Maariv (also called Arvit): recited at night every day.
Mussaf: recited only on the Sabbath and Holidays.
(after Shacharit and before Mincha)
Neile: recited only on communal fast days, particularly
on Yom Kippur. (Recited after Mincha)
The Three Pilgrimage Festivals or Shalosh
Regalim (Hebrew: ‫)שלוש רגלים‬, are three major
festivals in Judaism — Pesach (Passover),
Shavuot (Weeks or Pentecost), and Sukkot
(Tabernacles, Tents or Booths)—when all ancient
Israelites who were able would make a
pilgrimage to the Temple in Jerusalem, as
commanded by the Torah.
Pesach-the major Jewish spring
festival which commemorates the
liberation of the Israelites from
Egyptian slavery, lasting seven or
eight days from the 15th day of
Nisan.
Shavuot
a major Jewish festival held on the 6th
(and usually the 7th) of Sivan, fifty days
after the second day of Passover. It was
originally a harvest festival, but now also
commemorates the giving of the Law (the
Torah). Also called Pentecost, Feast of
Weeks.
Sukkot, commonly translated as Feast of
Tabernacles, known also as the Festival of
Ingathering or in some translations the
Festival of Shelters, is a biblical Jewish
holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the
seventh month, Tishrei. During the
existence of the Jerusalem Temple, it was
one of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals
 Ancient forms of denominations

Pharisee" is derived from Ancient Greek

Pharisaios ... Fundamentally, the Pharisees
continued a form of Judaism that extended
beyond the Temple, applying Jewish law to
mundane activities in order to sanctify the
everyday world. This was a more
participatory
Karaite Jews were able to obtain
autonomy from Rabbinic Judaism in the
Muslim world and establish their own
institutions. Karaites in the Muslim world
also obtained high social positions such
as tax collectors, doctors, and clerks, and
even received special positions in the
Egyptian courts
The Essenes were a sect of Judaism that
flourished in the second century BCE.
They are best known for their adherence
to a strict code of religious observance
and their strict interpretation of the
Torah. The Essenes used a Torah that was
different from the one used by other Jews
of their time.
Zealots were a political movement in 1st-
century Second Temple Judaism, which
sought to incite the people of Judea
Province to rebel against the Roman
Empire. The term zealot, the common
translation of the Hebrew kanai (‫קנאי‬,
frequently used in plural form, ‫קנאים‬,
kana'im), means one who is zealous on
behalf of God.
Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal
Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a
major Jewish denomination that
emphasizes the evolving nature of
Judaism, the superiority of its ethical
aspects to its ceremonial ones, and
belief in a continuous search for truth
and knowledge
Rabbinic Judaism (Hebrew: ‫יהדות רבנית‬,
romanized: Yahadut Rabanit), also called
Rabbinic, Rabbinicism, or Judaism espoused
by the Rabbanites, has been the
mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th
century CE, after the codification of the
Babylonian Talmud. Rabbinic Judaism has
its roots in Pharisaic
Hasidism, sometimes spelled
Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic
Judaism , is a Jewish religious group
that arose as a spiritual revival
movement in the territory of
contemporary Western Ukraine during
the 18th century, and spread rapidly
throughout Eastern Europe. Today,
most affiliates reside in Israel.
Misnagdim (‫מתנגדים‬, "Opponents"; Sephardi
pronunciation: Mitnagdim; singular
misnaged/mitnaged) was a religious movement
among the Jews of Eastern Europe which
resisted the rise of Hasidism in the 18th and
19th centuries. The Misnagdim were
particularly concentrated in Lithuania, where
Vilnius served
Con·serv·a·tive Ju·da·ism

a form of Judaism, particularly prevalent

in North America, which seeks to
preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but
has a more flexible approach to the
interpretation of the law than Orthodox
Judaism.
Reconstructionist Judaism is a Jewish
movement that views Judaism as a
progressively evolving civilization rather
than a religion, based on concepts
developed by Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983).
The movement originated as a semi-
organized stream within Conservative
Judaism and developed.
 challenges
anti-Semitism, (see Researcher’s Note)
hostility toward or discrimination against
Jews as a religious or racial group. The
term anti-Semitism was coined in 1879 by
the German agitator Wilhelm Marr to
designate the anti-Jewish campaigns
underway in central Europe
Holocaust, Hebrew Shoʾah
(“Catastrophe”), Yiddish and Hebrew
Ḥurban (“Destruction”), the systematic
state-sponsored killing of six million
Jewish men, women, and children and
millions of others by Nazi Germany and its
collaborators during World War II.
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah,
was the genocide of European Jews during
World War II. Between 1941 and 1945,
Nazi Germany and its collaborators
systematically murdered .
Zi·on·ism
a movement for (originally) the re-
establishment and (now) the
development and protection of a Jewish
nation in what is now Israel. It was
established as a political organization in
1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later
led by Chaim Weizmann.
Zionism is a nationalist
movement that espouses the
establishment of, and support
for a homeland for the Jewish
people centered in the area
roughly corresponding to what is
known in Jewish tradition …
Arab–Israeli conflict - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab–
Israeli_conflict
WebThe Arab–Israeli conflict is an ongoing
intercommunal phenomenon involving
political tension, military conflicts, and other
disputes between Arab countries and Israel,
which escalated during the 20th century, but
had mostly faded out by the early 21st
century