Intellectual revolutions that defined

Society By:
Gabriel, Yna & Jiovanni
 Learning Objective
At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

 Analyze how scientific revolution is done

in various parts of the World like in Asia,

Middle East, and Africa.

 What is intellectual
revolution?
- it is the period where paradigm shifts occurred.
 - it is where the scientific beliefs that have been
widely embraced and accepted by the people
where challenged and opposed.
WHAT DEFINES ASIA?
 Asia is the world’s largest and most
diverse continent.
 It occupies the eastern four-fifths of the
giant Eurasian landmass.
 Asia is more a geographic term than a
homogeneous continent.
 The use of the term to describe such a
vast area always carries the potential of
obscuring the enormous diversity among
the regions it encompasses.
WHAT DEFINES ASIA?
Asia is a very large continent, this is not
only where most of the religion is
stemmed like Hinduism, Christianity,
Islam, Taoism and many more but also a
cradle of science and technology filled
with rich culture and science practices.
 HISTORY OF THE XIA DYNASTY
 The Xia dynasty is known to be the first
traditional Chinese industry. This dynasty
was established by the legendary Yu the
Great, after Shun, the last of the Five
Emperors, gave the throne to him.
 They supported the different astronomical
researches to create a more accurate
calendars.
 Most of the agricultural tools used during the
Xia Dyansty were made of bone or stone.
 Jade wear was made and Bronze smelting
was also possible.
HISTORY OF THE XIA DYNASTY
 Facts
 They measured the length of the solar year, and
come up with 365.25 days
 Predicted eclipses
 Recorded supernovas and sunspots
 Determined the 26,000 year cycle of precision of
equinoxes
CONFUCIUS ANCIENT ASIAN REVOLUTION
551 BC- 479 BC 19TH and 20TH
CIVILIZATION
CONFUCIUS
He is one of the most known
Chinese philosopher emphasize
his philosophies, in the
importance of the traditions,
etiquette, respect to elders and
patriarchs, he focuses on orderly
human world.
Breaking Cultural Boundaries

The teachings of Confucius brought about

something of a cultural revolution in the world, and
numerous cultures adopted his philosophy. His
simple yet virtuous way of living fascinated
millions of people and introduced them to a new
way of thinking. His ideas on humanism touched
the lives of many people and broke cultural
boundaries.
Impact on Education
 Confucius was a learner and a mentor. He
contributed to China’s educational system not
only through his teachings and ethics but also
by promoting education for the poor and
underprivileged.
 Instituted an imperial universities and states
exams.
A Religious and Secular Figure
Confucius’s philosophies are considered to be religious
but, in a way, he also supported secularism. The nature
of his teachings shows that he believed in the nobility of
nature over religion. He discusses teachings that can be
found in various other religions, but the things he
advocated most through his teachings were humanism
and ethics.
ANCIENT CIVILIZATION
Asian intellectual revolution has
made a margin on the large
contribution of the ancient Asian
civilization. The large continent has
contributed a lot in the field of
science, technology, engineering,
culture, arts and religion
China
 The ancient Chinese civilization and the state
supported the arts and sciences, this allowed them to
have rich accounts of science and arts, they made the
clocks, mechanical models of heavenly bodies, giant
machine replicated the heavenly bodies,
 In 9th century, they invented the gunpowder, but later
harnessed it to its potentials.
Agriculture
In the 8th century the Chinese civilization started the
rice civilization and in 1012 the Song state introduce the
new early ripening and winter-ripening of rice, an
agricultural technique acquired from the Champa
kingdom. Now known as Vietnam. Which allowed the
rice to be produce faster with less water
CHINESE INVENTIONS
 Rice field plow
 Wheelbarrow
 Silk production
 Porcelain
 Fishing Reel
 Suspension Bridges
Architecture
the flagship of ancient China was its infrastructure, in
117 BCE, they have been working in iron products, but
during the Song Dynasty, 1078, they produced 125,000
tons of iron.
Architecture
 They were able to do it by knowing the science and
chemical properties of the iron and coal.
 In addition, the metallurgy was used in the hydraulic
engineering in running the entire China.
Architecture
The most known infrastructure of China is the “Great
wall”, but the most economical, social, and technical
infrastructure of the empire was the “Grand canal”,
completed in 1327 that stretched throughout China,
allowing the production and trading faster.
Architecture

The grand canal also represented the powerful Chinese

state’s ability to engineer vast regions: they connected
smaller waterways to main rivers, opening up where
goods and people could travel.
Medicine
During this time, the traditional Chinese medicine also
flourished. Their oriental medicinal practices were
influenced by elements of fire, water, metal, earth,
wood, and yin-yang balance.
India
Another asian countries that showed rich culture is
India, they have a very complicated metaphysical
understanding on the inseparable knowledge and
religious traditions, and focused on application.
India

Indians has a very high regard on “Veda”, knowledge,

they were concerned on math and astronomy, but mostly
concerned rituals.
Aryabhata

 Aryabhata discovered an approximation of pi,

62832/20000 = 3.1416.
 He also correctly believed that the planets and the
Moon shine by reflected sunlight and that the motion
of the stars is due to Earth's rotation.
Health
 During Gupta Dynasty in India, they studied the
science of life, Ayurveda, which included also the five
elemental theory of matter in the ancient China.
 The Ayurveda, the science of life, largely concerns
healthful live in general, including how to prevent
diseases and influence hygiene and diet.
Education
One of the most regarded records is the Charaka
Samhita, or one of the other Samhita, or one of the other
Samhita, or collections that could help you memorize
hundreds of named body parts.
19 and 20 CENTURY ASIAN
th th

REVOLUTION
The 19th and the 20th Century in
Asia are known as a time of rapid
change. Whereas change was a daily
and concrete experience in a
globalizing environment, it was also
the object of psychological fear and
ideological desire.
What happened during this period?
 During that period, Asian countries and their intellectual and
political elites confronted the technical and military
superiority of the western powers, as well as local inner
tensions and crises, by elaborating patterns of selective
imitation, reconsidering their traditional knowledge, and
recreating their own cultural background.
 In order to conceptualize these strategies, Asian intellectuals
and political activists faced the theoretical problem of naming
the change in which they were living or to which they
aspired.
What happened during this period?

 In those years, a new vocabulary emerged, constituting a

multifaceted discourse on change. Drawing on western
cultural traditions, the new vocabulary consisted of words
such as enlightenment, renaissance, evolution, revolution
and renewal.
Mahatma Ghandi
 He’s been called the “father of India” and a “great soul in
beggar’s garb." His nonviolent approach to political change
helped India gain independence after nearly a century of
British colonial rule.
 Born Mohandas Gandhi in Gujarat, India in 1869, he was
part of an elite family. After a period of teenage rebellion, he
left India to study law in London.
Mahatma Ghandi
 Gandhi brought Satyagraha to India in 1915, and was soon
elected to the Indian National Congress political party. He
began to push for independence from the United Kingdom,
and organized resistance to a 1919 law that gave British
authorities carte blanche to imprison suspected
revolutionaries without trial. Britain responded brutally to
the resistance, mowing down 400 unarmed protesters in the
Amritsar Massacre.
The Salt March
 Now Gandhi pushed even harder for home rule, encouraging
boycotts of British goods and organizing mass protests. In
1930, he began a massive satyagraha campaign against a
British law that forced Indians to purchase British salt
instead of producing it locally.
 Gandhi organized a 241-mile-long protest march to the west
coast of Gujarat, where he and his acolytes harvested salt on
the shores of the Arabian Sea. In response, Britain
imprisoned over 60,000 peaceful protesters and inadvertently
generated even more support for home rule.
Japan
Probably the most notable country in Asia in terms of its
technological and scientific achievement is Japan, which is
particularly known for its electronics and automobile products.
Japan
 Japan is focused and prominent in vehicle technology,
consumer electronics, robotics, medical devices, space
exploration and the film industry.
 Japan's focus on intensive mathematics education and the
reverence for engineers in Japanese culture aids engineering
talent development, which has produced advances in
automotive engines, television display technology,
videogames, optical clocks, and many other fields.
Thank You
for listening!