TYPES OF FANS IN

THERMAL POWER PLANT

SANJAY GUPTA
MANAGER(MECH)
 WHAT IS A FAN?
 A FAN can be defined as a volumetric machine, which
moves quantities of air or gas from one place to another
by imparting mechanical energy to the medium.

 A FAN consists of an impeller, which does the work and a

casing, which collects and directs the medium discharged
by the impeller.

 Flow (m3/s) and Pressure (mmwc) are the two important

parameters of FAN.

 ASME- Fan means Pressure Ratio ≤ 1.10

 CLASSIFICATION OF FAN
 According to the direction of flow of air
Fans are mainly divided in to two types–
 Radial Fan
Single Suction and Double Suction

 Axial Fan
Impulse and Reaction
Deg of Reaction = Hi/Hf
 TYPES OF FANS
 There are five main types of fans used in Thermal Power Plants.

 Forced Draft Fan (Axial Reaction Type )

 Primary Air Fan (Radial Single Suction Type )

 Induced Draft Fan (Radial Double Suction Type )

 Seal Air Fan (Radial Single Suction Type )

 Scanner Air Fan (Radial Single Suction Type )

 BOILER DRAFT SYSTEM
 Draft is the difference of pressure between two points in the boiler.

 Boiler Draft is the sum of draft loss and stack effects.

 The flow of gases through a boiler is achieved by creating draft.

 Draft can be created by two means -

Natural Draft - (Chimney or Stack)

Mechanized Draft - Forced Draft System
Induced Draft System
Balanced Draft System

Almost all modern Boilers are equipped with Balanced Draft System.
 FAN – AIR FLOW CONTROL
Power Cylinder
 Air flow control is required as the quantity of air
varies according to Boiler Loading. Guide
Vanes

 Inlet guide Vane Control (IGV) –Air flow is controlled Common

at the suction of a Fan. Regulating Ring

More efficient than Damper Control

Slide Pad

 Blade Pitch Control – Air flow is controlled across the Common Disc

Impeller Blades.
Quick, Reliable and more efficient.

H/C
 Variable Speed Control – through Hydro Coupling
Most efficient control, Reduces erosion of blades and
mechanical shock at start up. Driving Driven
Shaft Shaft
Protect electrical motor O/L at start up.
Forced Draft Fan – Rated Parameters

MAKE NUMBER FLOW Pressure Temp (°C)

(m3/s) (mmwc)
BHEL 2 58.4 450 54
Drive Current (A) Motor (kW) Motor Speed Control
(rpm)

Motor 46.3 400 1480 Blade pitch

Control
Primary Air Fan -Rated Parameters

MAKE NUMBER FLOW Pressure Temp (°C)

(m3/s) (mmwc)
BHEL 2 55.0 1212 54
Drive Current (A) Motor (kW) Motor Speed Control
(rpm)

Motor 96.3 900 1480 IGV Control

Induced Draft Fan – Rated Parameters

MAKE NUMBER FLOW Pressure Temp (°C)

(m3/s) (mmwc)
BHEL 2 137.2 338 154
Drive Current (A) Motor Motor Speed Control
(kW) (rpm)

Motor 98.2 900 740 Variable

Through speed
H/C Control
 FD FAN – START PERMISSIVE

 At least one ID Fan should be running.

 Control oil pressure normal (> 8 ksc)
 Discharge damper closed.
 Blade angle should be minimum.
 All bearing temperature normal.
 No tripping command should be there.
 Local push button released.
 FD FAN – TRIP PROTECTION

PARAMETERS UNIT ARARM VALUE TRIP VALUE

FAN bearing temp (DE) (°C) 95 105

FAN bearing temp (NDE) (°C) 95 105

MOTOR bearing temp (DE) (°C) 85 95

MOTOR bearing temp (NDE) (°C) 85 95

 PA FAN – START PERMISSIVE

 MFR Reset (PA FAN trip when MFR operates).

 At least one FD Fan is running.
 Discharge damper closed.
 IGV is in minimum position.
 Lube oil pressure more than 0.4 ksc.
 All bearing temperature normal.
 No PA Fan trip command.
 Local push button released.
 PA FAN – TRIP PARAMETERS

PARAMETERS UNIT ALARM VALUE TRIP VALUE

FAN bearing temp (DE) (°C) 65 (77) 75 (82)

FAN bearing temp (NDE) (°C) 65 (77) 75 (82)

MOTOR bearing temp (DE) (°C) 85 95

MOTOR bearing temp (NDE) (°C) 85 95

 ID FAN – START PERMISSIVE

 Inlet and Outlet damper should be closed.

 Hyd Coupling Scoop position should be min.
 Air Pre Heater should be running.
 Flue Gas path should be available.
 All bearing temperature normal.
 No tripping command should be there.
 Local push button released.
 ID FAN - TRIP PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS UNIT ALARM VALUE TRIP VALUE
FAN bearing temp (DE) (°C) 65 75

FAN bearing temp (NDE) (°C) 65 75

MOTOR bearing temp (DE) (°C) 85 90

MOTOR bearing temp (NDE) (°C) 85 90

H/C Working oil I/L temp (°C) 80 90

H/C Working oil O/L temp (°C) 90 120

H/C oil pressure ksc - 0.2

 SEAL AIR FAN
The Function of Seal Air Fan is to supply seal air to seal–

 Mill Bearings and Journals

 RC Feeders
 Mill Discharge Valves – to protect from ingressing pulverized
coal
 SEAL AIR FAN
SEAL AIR FAN INTERLOCKS

 When any PA FAN is started, the Seal Air Fan which is not in STAND BY mode
will start on AUTO. If the said fan will not start then STAND BY Fan will start
after a delay of 5 second.

 Seal Air Fan A or/and B can be started by giving START command, provided
any PA FAN is ON.

AUTO START OF STAND BY SEAL AIR FAN

 STAND BY Seal Air Fan will START when RUNNING Seal Air Fan Trips.

 If seal air header and cold air duct DP is less than 100 mm of WC then STAND
BY Seal Air Fan will start after a delay of 10 second.

 STAND BY Seal Air Fan will START if Seal Air Header Pressure falls below
1000 mm of WC.
 SCANNER AIR FAN
The Function of SCANNER Air Fan is to supply cold air to all the
FLAME SCANNERS as these are located inside the furnace to
monitor flame and need to be protected from overheating.

EMG Suction
AC Damper

FD FAN
Discharge

DC
 SCANNER AIR FAN
EMERGENCY SUCTION DAMPER INTERLOCK

 When both FD FAN trips or LOSS of 24 V DC in FSSS, the emergency

damper will open in AUTO (If Auto/Manual selector switch is in
AUTO). The Scanner Air Fan will continue to run.

AUTO START of DC SCANNER AIR FAN

 AC Scanner Air Fan trips.

 DP across scanner discharge and furnace falls below 150 mm of WC.

 LUBRICATION OF BEARINGS
There are main two types of Lubrication – Oil and Grease Lubrication.

Type of lubrication is decided by Load and Heat Generated on Bearing.

Fan bearings are lubricated with oil and motor bearings are lubricated with Grease.

There are two types of Oil Lubrication – Forced and Sump lubrication.

FD FAN Bearing PA FAN Bearing ID FAN Bearing

FAN DE Forced Oil FAN DE Forced Oil FAN DE Splash Oil
Lubrication Lubrication Lubrication

FAN NDE Forced Oil FAN NDE Forced Oil FAN NDE Splash Oil
Lubrication Lubrication Lubrication
FD FAN- Lube Oil Scheme
PA FAN- Lube Oil Scheme
 EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
1 ID FAN TRIPS – Leads to
 1 FD FAN TRIPS

 1 FD FAN 3 MILLS LOGIC ACTS – 2 Bottom Running

MILLS will Survive.

1 FD FAN TRIPS

 1 FD FAN 3 MILLS LOGIC ACTS – 2 Bottom Running

MILLS will Survive.
 EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 1 PA FAN TRIPS – Hot PA Header Pressure Falls

 At 640 mmwc – PA Header Pr LOW ALARM.

 At 480 mmwc - PA Header Pr V LOW ALARM and MILL E will trip

after 2 sec time delay.

MILL D will trip after 2 sec delay of MILL E trip.

MILLS C, B and A will trip simultaneously after 2 sec delay of MILL

D trip.
THANK YOU