Approaches, Methods and

Techniques in Teaching
EPP
 Meaning of Approach, Methods and
Techniques
 Approach is a set of assumption that define beliefs and theories
about the nature of the learners and the process of learning.
 Method is an overall for systematic presentation of lesson based
upon a selected approach. Some authors call it design.
 Technique are the specific activities manifested in the classroom that
are consistent with a method and theories in harmony with an
approach as well (Brown 1994). Technique is all referred to as task or
activity.
 a. Demonstration Method
 Demonstration Method – it is a direct method of instruction. It is referred as the “ show and tell” method.
Two Types of Demonstration
 Demonstration of a Product
 Demonstration of a Process

Steps of a Demonstration Method

 Teacher demonstrates- “ Watch me and listen to me”
 Students demonstrates with scaffolding from the teacher. – “Lets do it together
 When the students can do the process by himself, students demonstrates the process. – “do it as I watch”
 Teacher gives more opportunity for practice for skill mastery
 Teacher assess to determine skill mastery by all student
 Hands on Learning
 Hands on Learning – more formally known as experiential
education, it reflects a teaching philosophy that promotes
learning by doing. It is earning through experience. One of the
benefits of hands-on learning is that students will get a feel for
materials and equipment that is commonly used in the workplace
after the course. Hands-on learning engages students in
education process using multiple senses.
 Cooperative Learning
 Cooperative Learning – sometimes called small-group learning, is an instructional strategy
in which small groups of students work on a common task.
Five Basic Elements that allow small-group learning.
 Positive Interdependence – Students feel responsible for their own and the group’s effort
 Face-to- face interaction – students encourage ans support one another , the environment
encourages discussion and eye contact
 Individual and group accountability- each student is responsible for doing their part; the
group is accountable for meeting its goal
 Group behaviors- group member gain direct instruction in the interpersonal, social and
collaborative skills needed to work with others occur.
 Group Processing – Group members analyze their own and thr groups’ ability to work
together.
 Project Method/ Project-based Method

 Project Method/ Project-based Method – this is a strategy where learners

acquire knowledge through planning and execution of practical projects.
Types of Project Based Method
 Individual Project
 Group Project
 Simplex Project
 Complex Project
.
Classification of Projects
 Constructive Project – practical or physical tasks such as construction of
article making a model and playing drama are done in this type.
 AestheticProject – appreciation powers of learners are developed through
musical program, beautification of things and poems and so on
 Problematic project – develop the problem solving capacity of learners
through their experiences
 Drill Project – develops mastery of the skill and knowledge of learners
Steps in Preparing a Learning Activity under the Project- based learning technique.
 Creating Situation – teacher tells the method and procedure to be done
 Selecting the Project – apply the six principles project method( purpose, utility, activity,
freedom, reality and prior planning)
 Planning – teacher discusses various points to the learners and take part in the discussion
 Execution – select relevant facts
 Evaluation – when finished, project is evaluated by the group within themselves and
reported to the teacher
 Reporting – learners write each and every step on how they finished the project.
 Instructional Module
 Instructional Module – Modular teaching is one of the most widespread and recognizes learning techniques. It
is a self-contained and self-sufficient unit of instruction for the learner to achieve a set of objectives.
Characteristics;
 Independent
 Self-contained
 Clearly defined objectives
 Concerned with individual differences
 Systematically organized learning opportunities
 Utilization of variety of media
 Active participation of learner
Components of Module
 Title- the title of the module should be clear
 Introduction- background of the module
 Overview- the overview introduces the learner to the theme of the module, its purpose, organization and uses.
 Instruction to the Users – to provide clear instruction to the learner as to how he should proceed, what he has
to do after each step.
 Pre- test- a pretest is given at the beginning
 Objectives – the instructional objectives of the module should be clearly stated
 Learning Activities- enable the learner to develop behavior in predetermined direction
 Formative Test – are given at the end of each learning unit/ learning activity
 Summative Evaluation – is done with the help of the post test.
Advantages
 Learning becomes very effective\
 It establishes a system of assessment to other than marks or guides
 Modules can be administered to single use, small group or large group
 It is more appropriate to mature students

Disadvantages
 Modules are economical in their use
 Appropriate only for matured students
 Time consuming
 Demands smart classrooms
 Utilization of Resource Persons and
Community Materials
 Resource persons are experts who contribute information
and opinions to participants in a learning situation. They
are frequently used to conduct educational activities, but
may also be helpful to a committee at the program
planning stage.