GROUP MEMBERS

FARAH FATIMA
ABDULLAH
RIDA KAZIM
AIMAN HASSAN
HABIBA KHALID

WAHEEDA IBRAHIM
MAHREEN FATIMA
MAHZAIB KAZIM
BILAL
RIZWANA
HOME RANGE AND
TERRITORY IN MAMMALS
PRESENTED TO: DR. ZAHID FAROOQ

PRESENTED BY: GROUP #01 (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)

  HOME RANGE

• Home range to spatial scale of animal movement, it was defined as that

region that the animal travels through throughout its regular activities, such
as food collection, mating, and caring for the young.
• Their potentially large impact on ecosystems and high level of human–
wildlife interactions make them important parts of ecosystem management
worldwide
• Home range is the area that an individual mammal or group of mammals
regularly use for their activities such as feeding, breeding, and sheltering.
• The size of the home range can vary depending on the species, sex, age, and
availability of resources in the environment.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE HOME RANGE'S
SIZE
• Species: different species have different ranges depending on their ecological needs
• Sex: males generally have larger ranges than females, especially for polygynous
species
• Age: The size of a mammal's home range can change over the course of its lifetime.
• Resources: The availability of resources in the environment can also affect the size
of a mammal's home range.
 METHODS OF MEASURING HOME RANGE
• Radio telemetry: using radio transmitters attached to the animal to track its
movements
• GPS tracking: using GPS devices over time to determine the range.
attached to the animal to track its
movements

• Observation: observing the

animal's movements and behaviors
 TERRITORY
• Territory in mammal ecology refers to an area that is actively defended by an
individual or a group of people protecting individuals from outsiders of the same
species.
ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF
TERRITORY:

• Vocalizations:
• Many mammalian species use vocalizations to establish and maintain their
territory.
• For example, male lions roar to mark their territory and signal their presence
to other males in the area.
ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF
TERRITORY:
• Scent marking:
• Scent marking is another common method used by mammals to establish and maintain territory.
• This involves leaving chemical signals, such as urine or gland secretions, in specific locations to mark
the boundaries of a territory.
• Examples of scent marking include the spraying behavior of male cats or the scent marking of wolves.
• Physical aggression:
• In some cases, animals will physically defend their territory against intruders, using displays or fights
to assert their dominance.
FACTORS AFFECTING A TERRITORY'S SIZE
INCLUDE:

• Availability of resources:
• Territories may be larger in areas with limited resources, as animals need to
defend a larger area to ensure access to resources.
• Density of conspecifics:
• Territories may be smaller in areas with high population density, as animals
may need to defend a smaller area to ensure access to resources.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOME RANGE
AND TERRITORY IN MAMMALS

• Home range is expressed to identify the total inhabited area of a particular

species, subspecies, or other taxonomic group whereas territory expresses
only the area of a particular group of animals in the same species.
• Home range is a much larger area than the territory.
• Territory is protected from the conspecifics while the home range is
maintained according to the available resources in the environment, and it is
protected against the other species such as predators and parasites.
IMPORTANCE OF THESE CONCEPTS IN
MAMMALIAN BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY

• Home range:
The resources that animals depend on, such as food and water, and the
potential threats they face, such as predators or human disturbance.
• Territory range
• Territories can also help to reduce competition for resources, as individuals
can defend a specific area against other members of their species
CONCLUSION

• In conclusion, understanding the concepts of home range and territory is

essential for understanding the behavior and ecology of mammals.
• Home range refers to the area that an animal occupies while carrying out its
regular activities, while territory is a specific area that an individual or group
of animals actively defends against intrusion by other members of the same
species.
• Both home range and territory are important for the daily activities and
reproductive behavior of animals, and understanding their role in animal
behavior and ecology can help us better understand and manage mammal
populations in the wild.