Basic

Components
of Circuits
Group III:
Marnette Kayla Alzadon Quizon
Louie Cunanan
Rahman Ogagang
Introduction
Let’s start with the first set of slides
What is a circuit?
Let’s start with the first set of slides
 Circuit
A complete circular path while being a closed
loop that electricity flows and electrons travel
through.

There are 5 Main Types of Electric Circuit – Close

Circuit, Open Circuit, Short Circuit, Series
Circuit and Parallel Circuit.

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Closed Circuit
A circuit without interruption. Hence it
provides a perpetual path through which a current
can continuously flow.

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Open Circuit
A circuit where the path has been opened or
“intervened" at some point. Thus, the severed
connection shall not allow any current to flow. An
open circuit is also known as an “incomplete
circuit”.

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Short Circuit
Is an circuit that allows the current to go along
an unintended path with no or very low electrical
resistance. This results in an unrestricted current
flowing throughout the circuit. This is the opposite
of an Open circuit and it is the usual cause of
small to huge explosion in households

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Series Circuit
a circuit which the whole current flows
throughout each component.

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Parallel Circuit
A circuit wherein all of the components are
connected across one another

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Parts of the circuit
Let’s start with the first set of slides
 Battery
It is a device that stores energy and then
discharges it by converting chemical energy into
electricity.

Typical batteries most often produce electricity by

chemical means through the use of one or more
electrochemical cells.]

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 Battery
Many different materials can and have been
used in batteries, but the common battery types are
alkaline, lithium-ion, lithium-polymer, and nickel-
metal hydride. Batteries can be connected to each
other in a series circuit or a parallel circuit.

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 Battery parts
⬡Container - The polyethylene copolymer has the
ideal properties that make it the best material for a
battery cover and container.

⬡Separator - is a type of polymeric membrane that

is positioned between the positively charged anode
and the negatively charged cathode.

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 Battery parts
⬡Anode - is the negative or reducing electrode that
releases electrons to the external circuit and
oxidizes during and electrochemical reaction.

⬡Cathode - is the positive or oxidizing electrode that

acquires electrons from the external circuit and is
reduced during the electrochemical reaction.

⬡current collector - is used to provide conduction of electrons

from inside the electrochemical reaction to the external part
without any reaction within the operation window

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 Switch
It is a device that interrupts the
electron flow in a circuit. Switches are
primarily binary devices: either fully on or
off and light switches have a simple design.
When the switch is turned off, the circuit
breaks and the power flow is interrupted.
Circuits consist of a source of power and
load.

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Wire
An electrical wire is the electro
technical component used to
transport electricity to transmit
energy and information. It is made
of a conductive material, single or
multiple strands, often surrounded
by an insulating envelope.

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Wire
Electrical wire is used for power
distribution to transmit electricity from a
transformer or other source to an outlet,
appliance, device, cable, switch,
distribution board, socket, and light
fitting. They conduct electricity and
provide a low-resistance path for
electricity to flow through.

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Wire
Electric wires are typically made of
aluminum or copper. They are either
bare or insulated and typically
covered in a thin layer of
thermoplastic.

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Wire
Three types of wire used are:

● Live wire - Red color

● Neutral wire - Black color
● Earth wire - Green color

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Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal
electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a
circuit element. Resistors are used to
reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate
transmission lines.

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Resistor
When a resistor is placed in a circuit,
the current flow decreases when
current passes through the resistor.
The part of current energy dissipates
in the form of heat in the resistor,
thus decreasing the total current.

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Resistor
Types of Resistors
Linear Resistor.
● Fixed Resistors.
● Variable Resistors.

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Resistor
Types of Resistors
Non-Linear Resistor.
● Thermistors
● Varistor Resistors.
● Photo Resistor or LDR (Light
Dependent Resistors)
● Surface Mount Resistors.

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Inductor
is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that stores energy in a
magnetic field when electric current
flows through it. An inductor
typically consists of an insulated
wire wound into a coil.

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Inductor
Inductors slow down current surges
or spikes by temporarily storing
energy in an electro-magnetic field
and then releasing it back into the
circuit.

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Inductor
What are the common types of
inductors?
● Iron Core Inductor.
● Air Core Inductor.
● Iron Powder Inductor.

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Capacitor
is a device that stores electrical
energy in an electric field by virtue of
accumulating electric charges on two
close surfaces insulated from each
other. It is a passive electronic
component with two terminals

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Capacitor parts
Aluminum electrodes - are polarized electrolytic
capacitors whose anode electrode (+) is made of a
pure aluminum foil with an etched surface
electrolytic spacer - are made of two aluminum
foils and a paper spacer soaked in electrolyte.
Aluminum oxide film - a processed metal foil and
the conductive electrolyte forms the actual cathode.
An oxide layer on the metal foil of the anode is used
as the dielectric between the two conductive
electrodes.

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How do they all work
together?
Let’s start with the first set of slides
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Thanks!
Let us know if you have any
questions?

Group III:
Marnette Kayla Alzadon Quizon
Louie Cunanan
Rahman Ogagang
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