READING and

WRITING
SKILLS
ACTIVITY
 How did you
come up with
your answers?
Techniques in Selecting and
Organizing Information
Reading and Writing Skills
 1

Techniques BRAINSTORMING
in Selecting and 2

Organizing
OUTLINE
Information
3

GRAPHIC
ORGANIZER
 A tool for generating
BRAINSTORMING creative and rich ideas

- establish patterns of ideas

- develop new ways of thinking
- activate background
knowledge
- overcome mental block
 Idea List

Methods in involves listing ideas

Brainstorming about a particular
topic
 Idea List

How to make an idea list:

Methods in - write the main topic then
Brainstorming write down all related
concepts below it
EXAMPLE
 Idea Map

it is a visual
Methods in representation of ideas
Brainstorming and their connections
with one another
 Id e a M a p

- Put the big idea or question

at the center.
- add a related idea by
writing down in a circle near
the big idea
- draw a line between the two
to show how the ideas are
connected.
Id e a Ma p
 1

Idea List
BRAINSTORMING
3

Idea Map
 OUTLINE
Organizes materials sequentially,
which allows you to group
materials by similar concepts or
content and put them into logical
order
 OUTLINE
a tool for organizing ideas.
It is used as a pre-writing
strategy and as a post-
reading activity.
OUTLINE HEADINGS

- main ideas and are

indicated by Roman
numerals
SUBHEADINGS

- represent the supporting

ideas; they are indicated
by capital letters and are
indented.
OUTLINE

Decimal Outline Alphanumeric

Outline
Only uses numbers Uses both letters
as and numbers as
labels labels
 IN WRITING

- Plan what you are going to write

- Helps your essay look more
Importance of organized
- Saves time
Outlining
IN READING

- Helps you organize the

information
- Gives better comprehension of
the text
EXAMPLE
Topic: The Busy Children
I. Participating in the Clean and Green Project
A. Keeping the surrounding clean
Picking up pieces of paper
1. _____________________
Arranging chairs in order
2. _____________________
Sweeping the floor
3. _____________________
B. Tending the school garden
Making plots
1. _________________________
Planting seeds in pots and cans
2. _________________________
3. Watering the plants
 EXAMPLES

Alphanumeric Outline Decimal Outline

 TOPIC OUTLINE
- uses words and phrases Kinds of Outline
as its entries
According to
- used if the ideas can be Structure
arranged in a number of
ways.
EXAMPLE OF A TOPIC OUTLINE
Topic: The Busy Children
I. Participating in the Clean and Green Project
A. Keeping the surrounding clean
Picking up pieces of paper
1. _____________________
Arranging chairs in order
2. _____________________
Sweeping the floor
3. _____________________
B. Tending the school garden
Making plots
1. _________________________
Planting seeds in pots and cans
2. _________________________
3. Watering the plants
Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information

I. Brainstorming
Methods of Brainstorming
a. Idea List
b.Idea Map
II. Outline
a. Decimal Outline
b. Alphanumeric Outline
Kinds of Outline According to Structure
a. Topic Outline
b. Sentence Outline
SENTENCE OUTLINE
- uses complete sentences Kinds of Outline
as its entries
According to
- used when the topic is
Structure
complicated and requires
details
EXAMPLE OF A SENTENCE OUTLINE
 - visual representations of
concepts that help us structure
information into organizational
GRAPHIC patterns.
ORGANIZER - present essential information
and connect these pieces of
information into a coherent
framework.
 • Venn Diagram
• Network Tree
• Spider Map (Semantic Map)

Types of Graphic • Problem-Solution Map

• Timeline
Organizers • Plot Diagram
• Series of Events Chain

• Fishbone Map
• Cycle
• Persuasion Map
 - used to compare and contrast
ideas and events
Venn
Diagram - uses two or more overlapping
circles to show similar and
different attributes
VENN DIAGRAM
 - Is used to represent
hierarchy, classification,
and branching NETWOR
It is useful in showing K TREE
relationships of scientific
categories, family trees,
and even lineages.
NETWORK
TREE
Spider Map (Semantic Map)

used to investigate
This central idea is
and enumerate placed along its
various aspects of a diagonal line, while
central idea, which details of the main
could be a concept, idea are placed on the
topic, or theme sides of the diagonals.
Spider Map (Semantic Map)
 - displays the nature of the
problem and how it can be
Problem-Solution solved
Map
This map usually contains the
problem’s description, its causes
and effects, and logical solutions.
 Problem -
Solution Map
 Timeline  Linear Timeline
- Shows how events happened
- is used to show how within one period
events occurred
chronologically through  Comparative Timeline
a long bar labeled with shows two sets of events that
dates and specific happened within the same period.
events.
Linear Comparative
 1. Exposition – characters,
settings, and relationships are
Plot Diagram established
- is a tool used to map
2. Inciting Moment – brings
events in a story. It is
about the change or conflict
used to analyze the
major parts of a plot.
3. Rising Action – where the
conflict and characters and
developed
 4. Climax – highest point
of the story where the major
Plot Diagram events are confronted
- is a tool used to map
events in a story. It is 5. Falling Action – closure of the
used to analyze the conflict
major parts of a plot.
6. Resolution – the conclusion of
the or closure of the story.
Plot Diagram
Plot Diagram
 - is used to show Series of
the logical Events
sequence of events
Chain
 Series of
Events Chain
Example:
How Bill of Rights
become a Law
 Fishbone It shows the factors
Map that cause a specific
- is used to better event or problem, as
understand the casual
relationship of a complex
well as details of each
phenomenon. cause.
 Cycle WATER CYCLE

- describes how a METAMORPHOSIS

series of events
interact to produce POVERTY CYCLE
a set of results
repeatedly
 - is used to map out
arguments and
evidence that prove a Persuasion
viewpoint.
- especially useful when
Map
processing persuasive
or argumentative texts
Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information
WRITTEN
ACTIVITY
Direction: Complete the diagram below.
Prepared by: Chain Jairlyn Z. Abao