General

Physics 2

Waves & Optics

1
Opening
Prayer
 Heavenly Father and Your Thank you for this opportunity
Heavenly FatherSon
Beloved andJesus
Your Beloved
Christ, Son Jesus Christ, to learn and serve others,
We thank you foryou
We thank giving
forus another
giving us life, and help us to always
You can replace
another your text here. Type You can replace your text here. Type
We thank you life,
for another Beautiful Morning. remember the Truth of Your
We
your
As we thank
godetailed you for
our another
description
on through lessons today, your detailed description
Glory!
Beautiful Morning.
May you make us instruments to do good things.
In Jesus’ name, we pray, Amen
Please
You
Asenlighten
can
wereplace
ouryour
go on minds,
text our
through here.lessons
Type You can replace your text here. Type
Give today,
us
your the strength
detailed to participate in our subject today. your
description Ourdetailed
Motherdescription
of Perpetual Help,
ThankMay youthis
you for make us instruments
opportunity to learn to
and serve others, Pray for Us!
do good things.
and help me to always remember the Truth of Your Glory! https://www.praywithme.com/prayer-before-class2.html
In Jesus’ name.
Please Amen our minds,
enlighten
You can replace your text here. Type You can replace your text here. Type
Our Mother
Give usofthe
Perpetual Help,
strength Pray for Us
to participate
your detailed description your detailed description
in our subject today.

https://www.praywithme.com/prayer-before-class2.html
Online Class
Reminders
Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son Jesus Christ, Always use appropriate language
Sign in and show up 5-10 minutes
We thank you for giving us another life, and exhibit respect in all forms.
beforecan
ourreplace
synchronous
yoursession
text and You can replace
You
We thank
here. Type
mute your microphones upon entering. Morning.
you for another Beautiful Think beforeyour textinhere.
you type the Type
your
As we godetailed description
on through our lessons today, discussiondescription
your detailed board.
May you make us instruments to do good things. Be focused and be an active
Unmute yourselves only when you
Please
Youenlighten
can replace ouryour
are called minds,
text
during class.here.
MakeType
sure participant.
You Always be
can replace prepared
your text in
here. Type
Give us the to study
strength intoadvance. class and be updated most
participate in our subject today. your
your detailed description detailed description
especially in doing tasks.
Thank you for this opportunity to learn and serve others,
Choose
and help mea workplace
to alwaysthat is suitable forthe Truth of Your Glory!
remember
onlinename.
In Jesus’ class and listen attentively to
Amen Motivate yourself and always do your
You candiscussion.
every replace Use
your thetext
raisehere.
hand Type You can
Our Mother of Perpetual Help, Pray for Us best replace your text here. Type
button
your before asking
detailed a question.
description your detailed description

https://www.praywithme.com/prayer-before-class2.html
Review
 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Learning Objectives
Define a wave, its properties, and its types.
Trace the historical background about the
nature of light.
Identify the different properties of light.

COLORS
Apply the Law of Reflection and Snell’s Law

BLACK
to answer word problems.
INTRODUCTION
 Wave
(Definition)

A disturbance that
travels through a
medium* from one
location to another.

* Any substance or material that

functions as the carrier of the wave

10
 Properties
oCrest : wave’s highest point
oTrough: wave’s lowest point
oWavelength: length between two
crests
oAmplitude: height of a wave from
rest line to crest
oPeriod: time of a complete wave
passing from a point
oFrequency: number of waves
passing from a point in a second
oSpeed: velocity of a disturbance
(m/s)
11
 Types
oMechanical
oElectromagnetic

MECHANICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC
Produced from a vibrating source Result of vibrations between an
electric and magnetic field

Need a propagation medium (e.g. No need of propagation medium

air, water)
Examples: sound wave, water Examples: light wave, radio wave
wave, stadium wave

12
EXAMPLE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

http://wiki.awf.forst.uni-goettingen.de/wiki/images/f/ff/Radiation2.gif
 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjIuqa3-orgAhWFNOwKHSPBC4IQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchofthecosmos.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F12%2F05%2F%25EF%25BB%25BFthe-electromagnetic-radiation-spectrum-and-
its-health-risks%2Felectromagnetic-spectrum%2F&psig=AOvVaw1mqM7cAChGWcL-UaS4pMaF&ust=1548575095682264
 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
 2

Early Civilization
 Bible

• The light was created

when the Creator said
“Let there be light”,
and there was light.

17
 2

Early Civilization
 Aristotle
He thought of light as
something non-material
that goes through space
between the eye and the
object.

19
 2

Early Civilization
 Plato & Euclid

They believed that light

was something given off
by the eye making
things visible when
struck by it.

21
 2

Early Civilization
 Pythagoras

He considered light to
be very fine particles
coming from a
luminous object

23
 2

Early Civilization
 Empedocles

He asserted light to a
very high-speed wave

25
 THEORIES &
SPEED OF LIGHT
 Proponent:
Christian Huygens

He considered light to
be a wave propagating
in ether

WAVE THEORY
27
 CORPUSCULAR THEORY

Proponent: Isaac Newton

He said that light consists of tiny particles
emitted by a luminous object

28
 Proponent:
James Clerk Maxwell

He developed Maxwell’s
Equations that completely
described electromagnetic
wave, how it is produced by
charges and current and how
it is propagated in space and
time

ELECTROMAGNETIC
THEORY 29
 QUANTUM THEORY

Proponent: Max Planck

He theorized that light is emitted in discrete
packets of energy called quanta

30
SPEED OF LIGHT

31
 He used astronomical data to determine
the speed of light
In 1675, Ole Roemer used astronomical
observations to estimate the speed of light.
He used the period of revolution of Io, a
moon of Jupiter, as Jupiter revolved around
the
sun.
The angle through
which Jupiter moves
during a 90°
movement of the
Earth was calculated.

OLE ROEMER
32
 The periods of revolution were longer
when the Earth was receding from Jupiter.
Shorter when the Earth was approaching

Using Roemer’s data, Huygens estimated

the lower limit of the speed of light to be
2.3 x 108 m/s.
This was important
because it
demonstrated that
light has a finite speed
as well as giving an
estimate of that speed.

OLE ROEMER
33
 ARMAND FIZEAU
JJ Thompson

He conducted the first terrestrial determination of

the speed of light using the reflected beam
interrupted by a toothed rotating wheel
This was the first successful method for measuring
the speed of light by means of a purely terrestrial
technique.
It was developed in 1849 by Armand Fizeau.
He used a rotating toothed wheel.
The distance between the wheel (considered to be
the source) and a mirror was known.

34
He improved
Fizeau’s method He continued the
by replacing the experiments about
rotating wheel by the speed of light
an 8-sided mirror and obtained …

LEON FOUCAULT ALBERT MICHELSON

35
299 792 458 m / s
or
3.00 × 10 m/s
8
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
REFLECTION

38
Reflection- when an object or wave bounces back off a surface
Law of Reflection- angle made from incoming wave = the
angle made from reflected wave

39
The normal is a line perpendicular to the surface.
It is at the point where the incident ray strikes
the surface.

The incident ray makes an angle of θi with the normal.

The reflected ray makes an angle of θr with the

normal.
Reflection from a mirror:

Normal

Reflected ray
Incident ray
Angle of Incidence Angle of Reflection

Mirror
 The Law of Reflection

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it.

The same !!!

 Specular vs. Diffuse Reflection

• Smooth, shiny surfaces have a specular

reflection:

Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse

reflection.

Diffuse reflection is when light is

scattered in different directions
REFRACTION

44
 REFRACTION

When a ray of light traveling through a

transparent medium encounters a boundary
leading into another transparent medium,
part of the energy is reflected and part enters
the second medium.
The ray that enters the second medium
changes its direction of propagation at the
boundary.
This bending of the ray is called refraction.

45
 The incident ray, the reflected ray, the refracted
ray, and the normal all lie on the same plane.

The angle of refraction depends upon the

material and the angle of incidence.

n1sinθi = n2sinθr
Snell’s Law
The path of the light through the refracting
surface is reversible.
For example, a ray travels from A to B.
If the ray originated at B, it would follow
SNELL’S LAW the line AB to reach point A.

46
 O F
E S N
I C T I O
D
IN RAC
E F
R

47
 Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son Jesus Christ,
Given:
Introduce yourself!
We thank you for giving us another life,
n1 =1.52
You can replace your text here. Type
We thank you for another Beautiful Morning. θi = 25°
Lorem ipsum
your
As we godetailed dolor sit amet,
description
on through our lessons today, consectetuer n2 = 1.32
adipiscing elit.
May you make Aeneantocommodo
us instruments do good things.ligula eget
θr = ?
dolor.
Please
Youenlighten
can replace
ouryour
minds,
text here. Type
Give us the
your strength
detailed to participate in our subject today.
description n1sinθi = n2sinθr
Aenean
Thank youmassa. Cum sociis
for this opportunity natoque
to learn penatibus et
and serve others,
magnis
and helpdis
me parturient montes,
to always remember the Truthnascetur
of Your Glory!ridiculus -1
SLIDESMANIA.COM - Jennifer Leban &

θr = sin (n1sinθi / n2)

mus.
In Jesus’ name. Amen
Youθcan
r =replace
sin (1.52sin25
your text here./Type
-1
You can replace your text here. Type
Our Mother of Perpetual Help, Pray for Us
your detailed description 1.32)
your detailed description

https://www.praywithme.com/prayer-before-class2.html θr = 29°
 Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son Jesus Christ,
Introduce Example 2 yourself!
We thank you for giving us another life,
Example 3
You can replace your text here. Type
We thank you for another Beautiful Morning.
A ray of light is traveling A ray of light in air
Lorem
As we ipsum
your detailed dolor sit amet,
description
go on through our lessons
through air at an angle today, consectetuer (n=1.00) strikes a block
adipiscing
May you make elit. instruments
of 30° tousthe
Aenean
vertical.
commodo
to do good things.ligula eget
It of quartz at an angle of
dolor.
Please
Youenlighten
can replace
passes ouryour
into minds,
text here. Type
water and incidence of 30o. The
Give us the
your strength
detailed to participate in our subject today. angle of refraction of
description
halves its angle to the
Aenean massa. Cum
Thank you for this opportunity sociis natoque
to learn penatibus
and serve others, et
refraction is 20o. What is
vertical. What is the
magnis
and helpdisme parturient
to always remembermontes,
the Truthnascetur
of Your ridiculus
Glory! the index of refraction of
SLIDESMANIA.COM - Jennifer Leban &

index of refraction of
mus.
In Jesus’ name. Amen
water? the quartz?
You can replace your text here. Type You can replace your text here. Type
Our Mother of Perpetual Help, Pray for Us
your detailed description your detailed description

https://www.praywithme.com/prayer-before-class2.html
OTHER PROPERTIES

50
2 3

Properties
of Light
 Diffraction

It is the bending
of light as it passes
around
the edge of a
barrier

52
2 3

Properties
of Light
 Interference

The modification in
the distribution of
light energy
due to the
superposition
of two light waves.

54
2 3

Properties
of Light
 Polarization

It is the property of
certain types of waves
that describes the
orientation
of their vibrations.

56
 GOOD MORNING
AND

Neal Creative © Neal Creative | click & Learn

more