SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEVOLOPMENT IN
AGRICULTURE
BACK BONE OF THE COUNTRY

TEAM-
122CS0011- Gaurav Kumar Singh
122CS0012- Rajan Pratap Singh
122CS0013- Karthik Kumar Joshi
122CS0014- Harsh Shrivastava
122CS0015- Vankadara Naga Kushal
Introduction to Agriculture
 We know that Agriculture is one of the oldest practice and livelihood for the people
of India that sustained for hundreds of years.
 Agriculture is the science, art and practice of cultivating land, producing crops and
raising livestock for human uses or for other uses in the economy.
 As discussed earlier Agriculture is used to cultivate plants, animals and other forms of
life for food, fiber, fuel and other forms of products to sustain and enhance the human
life.
 It includes management of soil fertility, pest control, irrigation and other aspects of
crop production.
 Agriculture has been a major contributor to the development of human civilization
since the beginning of history.
 It is the most important economic sector in many countries providing food, fiber,
employment and is a source of income.
Pride of India- Agriculture
AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
 Agriculture is the main activity in India’s economy, as it contributes around 15% of
India’s GDP and provides employment to more than 58% of the total workforce in
India.
 India is the second largest producer of food in the world and is one of the leading
exporters of agricultural products.
 The main crops grown in India are rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton and
jute as the main base.
 India is the largest producer of pulses, second largest producer of wheat and rice, third
largest producer of cotton and sugarcane in the world.
 In addition, India is also the world’s largest producer of spices, tea and coffee.
Flow chart for agriculture in India
Steps Taken by Government
 The Government of India has taken several initiatives to promote and improve the
agricultural sector in the country.
 Those initiatives include the provision of better irrigation facilities, increased use of
fertilizers, improved quality of seeds and better marketing of produce.
 In addition, the government has also launched several programs to support small and
marginal farmers.
 Some of these initiatives are Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri
Krishi Sinchai Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi.
 Pre independence
agriculture in india
Agriculture in India during British Rule
Introduction
 Before British rule, India had an independent
economy. Agriculture was the major source of
income for the public, and the country’s
economy was identified by different types of
manufacturing industries. India was globally
known for its handicraft industries, cotton
and amp; silk textiles, and their phenomenal
work with metals and precious stonework,
etc. These items enjoyed a global market
based on recognition of the excellent quality
of materials used and the high standards of
craftsmanship found in all imports from India.
Sample Footer Text 2/3/20XX 10
Lack of irrigation facilities
and technology

• During British rule, the irrigation

facilities and technology of India
were not good, and the Britishers
did not care about these things.
The lack of proper irrigation
facilities and technological
upgrades reduced the productivity
and production of crops in India.
These problems forced cultivators
or agriculturalists to live in misery .
Sample Footer Text 2/3/20XX 11
 IRRIGATION FACILITIES BEFORE TECHNOLOGICAL DELEVELOPMENT

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

12
Post independence Agriculture
in India
The Beginning of development
in the new age India
Flow chart of agriculture in Post independent
India
Agriculture in post independent india

 Post independence agriculture in India has seen a great transformation over the past six
decades.
 This transformation was a result of various agricultural reforms, technological
advancements and government initiatives.
 Some of the major initiatives taken by the government at the time of post
independence were Green revolution, White revolution, The National Food Security
mission and National Horticulture mission.
 These initiatives have helped increased agricultural productivity and reduce poverty in
Rural India.
Post independent agriculture in Indian
economy
Role of government in post independence
agriculture
 During the post-independence era, the growth rate nudged about 2.6 percent per
annum.
 This is mainly because the government has encouraged the use of modern technologies
such as precision farming and genetically modified crops, which have increased the
crop yields and improved the quality of produce.
 Furthermore, the government has also increased its support to the farmers in terms of
providing them with access to credit and insurance, as well as offering subsidies on
inputs such as fertilizers, seeds and pesticides.
 All of these measures have helped to improve the livelihoods of millions of farmers
across the post independent India.
Graph of growth of agriculture in post
independent india
MODERN TECHNOLOGY USED
IN AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Artificial intelligence in agriculture gives farmers real-time

information on their fields. AI provides predictive insights for
weather data, crop output, and price predictions, allowing farmers
to make more educated decisions. Irregularity and disease
detection in plants and cattle are automated using AI and machine
learning methods
 BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Block chain technology offers tamper-proof
and precise data about farms, inventories,
quick and secure transactions and food
tracking. Thus, farmers don’t have to be
dependent on paperwork or files to record
and store important data.
 DRONES
Drones with cameras provide airborne imaging and
surveying of both near and distant landscapes.
Drones are also utilized for livestock tracking,
geofencing, and grazing monitoring, using GPS
technology. They hover over fields, capturing
photos ranging from simple visible-light
photographs to multispectral imagery that aids in
the crop, soil, and field studies.
 Robotics
In order to automate monotonous labour in
the field, farmers are increasingly using
robots. For harvesting, they use GPS-enabled
autonomous and semi-autonomous tractors.
Auto-steering technology is also available on
tractors for improved field navigation.
Furthermore, robots are utilised in livestock
management systems that are automated.
ADVANTAGES OF
TECHNOLOGY IN
AGRICULTURE
1. Productivity is boosted by technology
2. Improved transportation
3. Modern technology made water supply
simple
4. Technology saves money
5. Technology saves time
6. Trading and business are boosted by
technology
7. Technology helps to boost soil fertility
8. Farmer’s workload are reduced by
technology
 Drones of the latest agriculture
technologies in India
Drones add productivity to precision
farming or smart farming, with reliable
information that eliminates confusion
when making decisions. Through using
the right sensors, drones would
provide farmers with real-time
information on crops, soil degradation,
dry areas, fungal infections, etc. This
information could be transmitted to
farmers in a readable format so that
they can decide which area needs
irrigation and better techniques.
Drones may also be used for spraying.
In India, in Andhra Pradesh, drones
were primarily used for corn or maize
fields.
 Soil and Water Sensors of latest agriculture technologies in India

The equipment with the most immediate effect

is maybe soil and water sensors, and these
sensors are robust, unobtrusive and relatively
inexpensive. These sensors can sense levels of
moisture and nitrogen and this can be used by
the farm to figure out when to water and
fertilize, rather than depending on a preset
schedule. This results in more effective
resource use and lower costs, but it also allows
the farm to be more environmentally
sustainable by conserving water, minimizing
erosion and reducing nutrient levels in local
rivers and lakes.
 Weather Tracking of latest agriculture technologies in India

Those online weather services rely solely on agriculture. Farmers can access these monitoring services
on dedicated on-board and handheld farms but via mobile applications running on just about every
user device. This weather monitoring technology will give farmers enough advanced warnings of frost,
hail and other conditions that they can take measures to protect the crops or at least substantially
reduce losses.
With E-Nam
(National
Agriculture
Market), an online
trading portal for
agricultural
commodities, the
government has
concentrated
primarily on
promoting the use
of technology in
agriculture.
 High Costs of Maintenance: One of the downsides of agriculture technology is its high
maintenance costs. The hefty maintenance costs of the technology make it tough for small
enterprises and farmers to handle.
 Environmental Detriment: The majority of technical machinery and devices pollute our
environment, which is extremely detrimental to humans.
 Use Of Fertilizers And Pesticides: Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides poisons
plants and crops, posing serious health risks to humans and other living creatures. It also
pollutes the soil and water.
 Farmers Who Are Undereducated: The majority of farmers are illiterate, and
understanding how to use current technologies in farming is challenging.
 Significant Reduction Of Soil Fertility: Excessive use of technology in the fields
depletes the soil’s fertility. One of the most serious drawbacks of technology in agriculture is
that it diminishes soil fertility.
 Unemployment: Workers’ services are at risk of being replaced by machines as a result of
the adoption of some technological advancements in agriculture.
CAN A YOUTH OF
MODERN DAY MAKE
CAREER IN
AGRICULTURE ?

CAREER?
CAREER?
Sample Footer Text
CAREER?
Drought! Loans! Untimely rains! Low market prices! It often seems
like farmers have endless suffering in their lives.

Perhaps that’s one of the reasons why none of us wants our kids to
become a farmer.

Instead, we all want them to immerse themselves in law or medical

books so they can make their careers a big success.

But are these career options the only way to be successful?

 l y
i n i te
f
De !
no t Let’s see why even farming too
can be quite rewarding – both
mentally and financially.
Top Careers
in
Agriculture
>Agricultural engineer

>Agricultural economist

>Farm manager

>Soil and plant scientist

>Conservation planner

>Commercial
Horticulturalist

>Agricultural salesperson
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER

As an agricultural engineer, you will seek

to improve current farming methods,
designing new equipment and machinery
using computer aided technology (CAD)
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIST

In your role as an agricultural

economist, you will apply
microeconomic and macroeconomic
concepts and theories to understand
economic decisions, such as why
shoppers make certain decisions about
the food they buy and how the
government chooses how to support
farmers.
CONSERVATION PLANNER
Conservation planners are responsible for determining the environmental and
ecological value of land, to decide whether it should be preserved or whether it
can be built on.

COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURALIST
As a commercial horticulturalist, you will be involved in monitoring the entire
production process – overseeing the growing, harvesting, packaging, distribution
and selling of food, crops and plants.

AGRICULTURAL SALESPERSON 
Working in agricultural sales, you will sell machinery, animal feed, fertilizers and
seed to farmers. You will be expected to be an expert in your product and will
often advise farmers on products.
FARM MANAGER
As a farm manager, your role will be to oversee the running
of the farm and make business decisions whilst keeping
within budget parameters

SOIL AND PLANT SCIENTIST

As a soil and plant scientist, you will test the composition of
the soil in order to assess how it affects plant growth,
researching alternative methods of growing crops (such as
genetic modification) in order to maximize efficiency.

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