Agricultu

re

A. Karteek
16041 AA 002

Sai Charan
16041AA 038
● Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animal and plant to
provide food, fiber,
medical plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

● Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such
as pesticides and fertilizers, and
technological developments have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but
at the same
time have caused widespread ecological and environmental damage.

● The principal enterprise of human king through most of recorded history.

● Agriculture is the source of majority of food components.

● The practice of agriculture is also known as "farming"

 Agriculture in India
● The history of Agriculture in India dates back to Indus Valley Civilization Era and even before
that in some parts of Southern India.

● About 50 percent people of India are dependent on agriculture for their daily expenses.
Almost every type of food grains are produced by Indian farmers.

● India ranks second in agricultural output and India is in top five positions for about 80 percent
of products produced from farm.

●The major research institute for agricultural research is ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural
Research)

● The main food grain of India is rice. India ranks second worldwide in rice production.
What is modern agriculture?
The Modern agriculture Is one in which the success of the process depends on the
use of technology, access to resources, management, investment, market
characteristics and support at the government level.

Modern agriculture extends well beyond the traditional production of food for
humans and animal feeds.

Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers,

and technological developments have sharply increased yields from
cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological
and environmental damage.

However, maintaining the soil fertile with a quantity of nutrients and adequate
irrigation can be achieved with the help of technology and the machinery suitable for
it.

Some studies estimate that between 2010 and 2050 the population of developed
countries will need about twice as much agricultural output. As a consequence, it will
be necessary to increase the production requirements so that it will suffer a delay,
raising the price food.
Modern Technology in Agriculture is nothing but to reduce the human efforts.
Most of the foreign countries are following modern technology in agriculture
and generating profits. By applying this method, farmers are gaining more
profits and able to increase their productivity of yield.

The 20th Century saw massive changes in agricultural practice, particularly in

agricultural chemistry.

Agricultural chemistry includes the application of chemical fertilizer, chemical

insecticides, and chemical fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of agricultural
products, and nutritional needs of farm animals.

Beginning in the Western world, the green revolution spread many of these
changes to farms throughout the world, with varying success.
The basic features of modern agricultural
techniques are:

The new technology adopted in the Indian agriculture during mid 1960s is
consisted of several ingredients like HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers,
pesticides, irrigation and improved machines and tools like tractors, pump
sets etc. All these together are termed as ‘package program. If any one of
these elements is missing, there will be no significant remarkable impact
on productivity per hectare of land.

(i) HYV seeds:

Under the new agricultural strategy special emphasis has been placed on the
development and widespread adoption of high yielding varieties of seeds. Production
of improved seeds (HYV seeds) was encouraged by both the Central and State
Governments. As a result the use of HYV seeds had increased from 25 lakhs quintals
in 1980-81 to 105 lakhs quintals in 2003-04. The use of these seeds lead to multiple
cropping.
 (ii) Chemical Fertilizers:

Indian soil is deficient in nitrogen and phosphorous and this

deficiency can be reduced by increasing the use of chemical
fertilizers. Thus, traditional fertilizers are replaced by chemical
fertilizers. Multiple cropping is possible only by using the chemical
fertilizers in a large extent.

(iii) Irrigation:

Increase in agricultural production and productivity depends on the

availability of water. Moreover, the use of HYV seeds and chemical fertilizers
required adequate supply of water. Hence, irrigation (i.e., artificial ways of
supplying water in the cultivatable lands) is the basic requirement for the
successful implementation of Green Revolution. In India, still today 60
percent of grass cropped area are depended on the gambling of monsoon.
(iv) Pesticides:

Pesticides are defined as any substance or mixture of several substances

which prevented the HYV seeds and plants from the diseases and unwanted
pest-attacks. Thus, the use of various types of chemical pesticides
(compounds) for controlling pest-attacks is an essential element of modern
agricultural techniques

 (v) Multiple Cropping:

 India enjoys tropical and sub-tropical climatic conditions. Therefore, she
has huge potentialities to grow crops on a year round basis. However,
80 percent of the annual rainfall is received in less than four months,
hence multiple cropping is generally not possible. However, the
successful implementation of ‘package program’ through intensive
cultivation can make environment to grow crops more than one time
(twice or thrice) during a year in several parts of India.
 Advantages of Modern Technology in Agriculture
 Advantages of Modern
Modern machines can Technology
reduce efforts of farmers. in Agriculture
 Modern machines
It can reduce can reducetime.
the production efforts of farmers.
 It
It can reduce
is used the production
to supply time.
water to the crops.
 It is used to
Machines aresupply
usefulwater to thethe
for sowing crops.
seeds.
 Machines are pest
It is chemical useful for sowing the seeds.
control.
 It is chemical
Improves pestofcontrol.
fertility the soil.
 Improves fertility
Increase the priceofandthedemand
soil. of the products.
 Increase
Reduce thetheimpact
price and demand
on the of the products.
ecosystem.
 Reduce the impact on the ecosystem.
 Disadvantages of Modern Technology in Agriculture
 Due to lack of practical knowledge, farmers cant handle the machines
properly.
 Maintenance cost is very high.
 Over usage of machines may lead to environmental damage.
 It is efficient but it has side effects and drawbacks.
 Most of the farmers don’t know about the usage of modern machines.
THANK YOU