SIP 2022

Sleep Monitoring
Group I
Aneesh
Anushka
Sakshi
Amey
Himanshu
Research papers
 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/js/2020/8882378/
i. Title:IoT Healthcare: Design of Smart and Cost-Effective Sleep Quality Monitoring
System
ii. Author/s: Khizra Saleem, Imran Sarwar Bajwa, Nadeem Sarwar, Waheed Anwar, Amna
Ashraf
iii. Journal: Journal of Sensors
 https://ethanweber.me/sleep/Human_2_0_Paper.pdf
i. Title: Masca: A Flexible Sleep Mask for Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Detection and
Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) Intervention
ii. Author/s: Adam Haar Horowitz, Oscar Rosello, Tomas Vega, Ethan Weber,
Irmandy Wicaksono
Overview of Research paper 1
 Sensing sleep patterns using different sensors.
 data transmitted through Arduino.
 Results shown on computer screen and mobile phone.
 random forest classification method used.
 accuracy of 95%.
 Future research:
Portable system
Use Raspberry Pie instead of Arduino.
The proposed approach has the following key
features.
(i) accelerometer, microphone, pulse oximeter
(ii) random forest method
(iii) low cost
(iv) effectively used at home or in the hospital
(v) minimum error rate
Research paper 2

 Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep .

 electroencephalogram analysis.
 piezoresistive fabric sensors.
 increased sensitivity , improving comfort.
 plot a graph.
MAX 9814 SENSOR MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER :

 cheap,first class microphone

 provides the functionality of low noise
signal detection.
 provides high sensitivity,
 supports 20 Hz to 20KHz frequency.
 used when audio data is required.
 useful when the audio frequency
changes rapidly.
 analog/digital conversion is easy
 ranges upto 3.3 v
 mainly used for sound detection.
 using it as a snoring detection sensor.
 For connection it requires jumper wires
 has 5 pins as follows:
1) VCC:module power supply=2.7-5.5 v
2) GND:ground
3) OUT:Analog data output to
microcontroller
4) Gain:adjusting max module output
5) AR:adjusting module accuracy
 ADXL345 Triple Axis Accelerometer Module

• It is a small,thin,ultra low power,3-axis accelerometer with

measurement upto +-16 g

• Supply and I/O voltage range:1.8v to 3.6v

• It contains a micro electro mechanical system(MEMS)

• Cost effective sensor

• In our project we’re using these sensor to perceive physical body

movement

• It has SPI and I2C digital interfaces connection

• These sensor data consists of x,y,z axis.

 Connections of the sensor

• ADXL345------Aurdino uno

• GND------GND

• 3.3V------3.3V

• SCL-----A5 Uno/pin21

• SDA--------A4 Uno/pin20
Pulse Oximeter(MAX30100)
▶ Low cost
▶ Displays the percentage of blood that is loaded with oxygen.
▶ Based on the differential absorption of oxygenated and the de-oxygenated
hemoglobin.

▶ Methods for Monitoring Oxygen Saturation in Blood

i. Transmission Method:-
Finger will be placed between the LED’s & the photo-detector.
ii. Reflectance method:-
Photo-detector are placed on the same side i.e. next to each other
Design of Proposed System
 Data of patients recorded from sensors, sent to computer.
 Random forest
 Data classified to five categories-
i. Peaceful
ii. Very peaceful
iii. Medium
iv. Unpeaceful
v. Very unpeaceful
 Three steps-
i. Transfer of data from sensors to Arduino microcontroller
ii. Storing data in file and then using it for training and testing of classifier
iii. Collecting patient’s data and analyzing the sleep quality
Data Collection from Sensors
▶ Data collection includes:
i. heart rate
ii. SPO2 (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation
iii. snoring detection
iv. Accelorometer data
▶ All sensors are connected to the microcontroller.
▶ Microcontroller is attached to the computer system.
▶ The data recorded from sensors forwarded to the microcontroller.
▶ The microcontroller further sends data to the computer system.
▶ The computer processes the data using random forest.
▶ This model makes the predictions and presents the result to the user mobile.
Supervised Model

▶ train the algorithm with the input dataset, which is labelled data.
▶ Based on this, we test the model using test data.
▶ The algorithm makes predictions appropriately on input data and trains the model until the
desired accuracy is achieved.

▶ Supervised learning model working starts with two values.

1) Original data
2) Attribute
▶ This data is further divided into two sets, i.e., training data and test data.
▶ This data is passed to the model builder which prepares the data for modeling.
▶ The supervised learning model is then applied to the data, and evaluation is performed on
the data to generate the results.
Random Forest Classification
 A random forest is a supervised classification algorithm which is composed of multiple
decision trees.
 Randomly chosen subgroups of the training data are used to train these models.
 These models work by making predictions using different prediction mechanisms.
 Mode or mean of the predictions of their subtrees is usually used to classify the values.
 Random forest model works by averaging the multiple deep trees, which are trained on
diverse parts (groups) of the same training data.
 The basic purpose of this is to minimize variance, which may result in a small rise in
biasness and significantly boosts the performance in the resultant model.

Here in the figure, the weather forecast is done using the decision tree
model. All the relevant factors of weather are recorded, and the decision
is made using the factors. If Outlook is sunny and Humidity is high, then
the weather is not suitable to play a game, e.g., badminton. Similarly, if
Wind is weak, then weather is good to play a particular game. Random
forest involves a large number of individual decision trees that could
work collectively in the model. For the distinct trees, random forest polls
out a class estimate, and the class with the maximum votes develops our
model’s expectation
BRIEF PLAN OF ACTION:

 1st week: finding all the relevant research papers.

 2nd week: completing the literature survey, and starting
the work on sensors i.e., how the exactly work with
Arduino mega controller.
 3rd week: learning about how Arduino passes the data to
the computer system and how rain forest algorithm works.
 4th week: implementing the actual model.
 5th week: completion of model.
 6th week: going through the model and make changes if
required.
REFERENCES:
 Microphone amplifier-
 https://electropeak.com/learn/interfacing-max9814-electret-microphone-ampli
fier-module-with-arduino/
 https://www.electroschematics.com/arduino-max9814-getting-started/
 Oximeter-
 https://www.dnatechindia.coasic-working-pulse-oximeter-sensor.html/
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://ijireeice.com
/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/IJIREEICE.2020.8503.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjC67bMzb
75AhUWyGEKHTAqBkQQFnoECBQQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3flGQzDaZqAk3qpeAZOsnN
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.ijeat.or
g/wp-content/uploads/papers/v9i2/A2081109119.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjC67bMzb75
AhUWyGEKHTAqBkQQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1ERiGxsai0NHQg0jBuWfL2
 Accelerometer-
 https://www.engineersgarage.com/adxl345-accelerometer-sensor-how-to-use/
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer
THANK YOU!!!!