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DISCUSSION
 Lesson 1
Social Science, Applied Social
Science and It’s Discipline
(Counseling)
 SOCIAL SCIENCES
Social Science is fluid and may pertain to
any field of inquiry that is outside the
realm of the natural sciences, or what
others refer to as the “hard sciences.”
The latter sees to explain the occurrence
of natural phenomena and includes
physics, chemistry, and geology, to name
a few.
 Social Science
Study of human society
✔Social Sciences are disciplines concerned with
the systematic study of social phenomena.
✔As a body of scientific knowledge, the social
science provide a diverse set of lens that help
us understand and explain the different facets
of human society.
 BRANCHES OF SOCIAL
SCIENCES
Psychology
History
Geography Sociology
Political
DemographyScience
Is
Economics
Studies
Systematic
how
a study of the
studyhuman
of
interaction Is
Anthropology
A the
systematic
Primarily study
scientific
studies ofof
study
human
Studies
human
minds the
past allocation
works
events
in their
in The specific
people’s study in
behavior of
between people and human
behavior
populations
in relation
across
to
of scarce
consonance
order to resources
understand
with the body
the human and their
groups.
environments. political
time.
systems,
and the production
tomeaning,
produce dynamics
thoughts andand
that culture in the past and
governments, laws, and
exchange
lead
relationship of
of goods
to individual the and
actions.
cause present time.
international relations.
andservices
effects inofsociety.
events in
the development of
societies.
 APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCES
This is the study of the society
we live in and the
relationships people have
within that society.
This course is built around the core
disciplines of psychology and sociology,
providing the best possible launching pad for
career in these fascinating areas.
 APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCES
It was introduced as a reaction to the
highly segmented and
compartmentalized division of the
social science disciplines that
dominated western research training
during the late 1990s and until the
end 20 century.
th
 APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCES
Compared to the social sciences that
focus on the theoretical study of
society, the applied social sciences
focus on the use and application of the
different concepts, theoretical models,
and theories of the social science
disciplines to help understand society
and the different problems and issues it
faces.
~ Gouldner, 1989.
 FIELDS OF APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCES
COUNSELIN SOCIAL
G WORK
COMMUNICA
TIONS
 THE DISCIPLINE OF
COUNSELING
Counseling is basically an art
and a science where you
endeavor to weigh the
objectives and subjective
facets of the counseling
process.
 Counseling happens when a person who is distressed
asks for help and permit another person to enter into a
kind of connection with him/her. It is indicative of
someone in search of counseling requests for time and
attention from person who will listen, who will allow
him/her to speak and who will not condemn and
criticize him/her.
 “The profession that involves the use of an
integrated approach to the development of a
well-functioning individual primarily by
helping him/her to utilize his/her potentials
to the fullest and plan/his/her present and
future in accordance with his/her abilities,
interests and needs.”

R.A 9258: Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004

THE GOALS OF
COUNSELING
 List of Common Counseling Goals
✔Developmental Goals – assist in meeting
or advancing the clients human growth and
development including cognitive, and
physical wellness.
✔Preventive Goals – help the clients avoid
some undesired outcome.
✔Enhancement Goal – enhance special
skills and abilities
✔Remedial Goals – assist a client to
overcome and treat an undesirable
development.
✔Exploratory Goals - examine options,
testing of skills, trying new and different
activities.
✔Reinforcement Goals – help client in
recognizing, that what they are doing,
thinking and feeling is fine.
✔Cognitive Goals – involve acquiring the
basic foundation of learning and cognitive
skills.
✔Physiological Goals – involve acquiring
the basic understanding and habits for
good health
✔Psychological Goals – aid in developing
good social interaction skills, and learning
emotional control.
 Five Commonly Goals of Counseling
1. Facilitating behavior change

Example:
Ms. Cy a counselor, uses specific goals
rather than general ones to measure more
specific the problems of clients and the clients
can measure their own progress.
2. Improving the client’s ability to establish
and maintain relationships.

Example:
A store manager Mr. Lim is a self-
oriented person who had problems with his
staff because of his lack of social skills.
3. Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and
ability to cope.

Example:
A newly hired teacher in the public
school who came from a private school
encountered new situations and
challenges decided to talk to the guidance
counselor regarding the problems he/she
encountered.
4. Promoting the decisions-making
process and facilitating client potential.
Example:
At school one of the students went to the
guidance office because of his/her problems
regarding his/her study habit. Mr. Jay assisted
the students explore more range of
options and enables the students to see
how their attitudes and values influence their
decisions and choices.
5. Developing
 Counseling goals can be classified according to three categories:

✔Ultimate goals are philosophical ideas that can be reasonably expected

from counseling. These goals include helping individuals to realize their
full potential or to become self-actualized.
✔Intermediate goals relate to the reasons for seeking counseling and
usually require several sessions to achieve them. Helping the individual
develop to become and remain a well-adjusted, mentally healthy persons
and to achieve his/her potentialities, would classify as an intermediate
goal.
✔Immediate goals, on the other hand, are the moment by moment
intentions of counseling, for example encouraging the client to verbalize
an unexpressed feeling.
THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
 THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
Academic Difficulties
Includes the student’s
difficulties in accomplishing
various requirements like
meeting the standards of
education, adjusting to teaching
methods used, handling
academic pressures, maintaining
good grades, managing time,
learning how to focus and
ensuring effective study skills.
 THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
Personal concerns
These include clients
who have difficulty in
planning and setting life
goals, how to handle
stress, maintain
motivation, know priorities
and how to solve problems.
 THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
Social concerns
These are difficulties
encountered by clients in
relating with others such as
dealing with rejections,
handling peer pressure,
coping with the challenges of
romantic relationship, and
bullying.
 THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
Emotional difficulties
Emotion related problems
encountered by the client
which includes anxiety,
nervousness, and heartaches;
coping with loneliness due to
homesickness and rejection;
managing negative emotions,
such as depression, anger and
fear; attaining emotional
stability.
 THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
Psychological
challenges
These include handling
persistent suicidal behaviors,
managing some forms of
addiction, such as smoking,
drinking and computer
gaming; dealing with eating
and sleeping problems;
understanding one’s identity
and handling painful
experiences.
 THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
Family problems
These usually involves
broken family, absence of
parents due to work abroad,
single parenting, infidelity,
hostile parenting, favoritism
in family, early pregnancy
and unpleasant home
environment.
 THE SCOPE OF
COUNSELING
Career-related
concerns
These difficulties can be
addressed by identifying
the clients’ strength,
interest and personal traits
and matching them with
career choices; identifying
unclear career goals and
lack of career plans.
THE PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
 THE PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
AUTONOMY
Is about the freedom of clients to
choose their own direction. Counselors
should respect their ability to make
choices free from the constraints of
others.
(Welfel, 1998; Corey, Corey and Callanan,
2007).
 THE PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
NON-MALEFICENCE
Means to do no harm. Counselor should
avoid utilizing interventions that could
harm clients.

(Welfel, 1998; Corey et al., 2007)

 THE PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
BENEFICENCE
Means responsibility to do good and to
contribute to the welfare of the
client. The Counselor is expected to
do the best for the client and if
unable to assist, to offer alternatives
as appropriate.
 THE PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
JUSTICE
Means to act in a fair or just manner.
It is expected that Counselors will act
in a non-discriminatory manner to
individuals or groups.
 THE PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
FIDELITY
Implies strict and continuing
faithfulness to an obligation, trust, or
duty. The interest of the client is the
priority even if such loyalty (towards
the client) is inconvenient or
uncomfortable to the Counselor.
ANY QUESTIONS
OR
CLARIFICATION?
Thank you for
listening