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Impaired Muscle
Performance
Moment arm
Vector of force
II A FO FR
Fast Oxidative Fast Fatigue
Resistant
II AB FOG FI
Fast Oxidative Fast Intermediate
plus Glycolytic Fatigueability
II B FG FF
Fast Glycolytic Fast Fatigueability
Strength is related to fiber diameter, not type. Type I fibers typically have smaller
diameter than type II fibers.
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Length–Tension Relationship
Prepuberty
~20% of child’s body mass is muscle.
Benefits of exercise – improved muscle, motor
performance, body composition, sense of well-being.
Moderate resistance training is acceptable.
Heavy resistance should be avoided.
Focus on neurologic aspects of training.
Neurologic pathology
Muscle strain
Disuse and conditioning
Length-associated changes
Variable Where stability and safety is of Provides less resistance at Fixed increments. Little proprioception,
Resistance concern. beginning/end balance, or coordination is learned.
Machine ROM, more midrange.
Elastics Any time strengthening by Inexpensive. Material fatigues quickly-decreases force.
external resistance is required. Force increases with stretch. Full ROM requires close attention to
resistance angle and length of elastic
Free Weights For discrete measureable overload. Can be used in many Little external stabilization
different ways that meet the needs of
individual patients.
Isokinetic Devices Muscle performance Fully activate more muscle fibers for Expensive/bulky. Most training is done in a
testing and training. longer periods. Testing/training at single plane, with a fixed
variety of speeds. axis at a constant velocity in an open kinetic
chain.