Sonika

Msc Chemistry

21001552057
 INTRODUCTION

 Green chemsitry, also called sustainable chemistry.

 Defined as the practice of chemical science and manufacturing in a manner that is
sustainable , safe and non-polluting and that consumes minimum amounts of materials
and energy while producing little or no waste material.
 Production , processing , use , and eventual disposal of chemical products may cause
harm when performed incorrectly.
 Philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products
and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances to humans ,
animals plants and the environment , seeks to reduce and prevent pollution at its source .
 Encourages the use of economical and ecocompatible techniques that not only improve
the yield but also bring down the cost of disposable of wastes at the end of a chemical
process.
 Increasing profits and promoting innovation while protecting human health and the
environment.
 Applies to organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry , biochemistry , analytical chemistry
and even in physical chemistry focus on industrial applications.
 HISTORY

 Concept-Trevor Kletz 1978

chemists should seek alternative processes to those involving more dangerous substances and
conditions.
 Green Chemistry- Paul Anastas 1991 is also known as father of green chemistry.
 12 Principles

 Pollution prevention
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed.
 Atom Economy
Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all
materials used in the process into the final product.
 Designing Safer chemicals
Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy to the function while reducing
toxicity.
Organotin compounds are chronically toxic to marine life can enter food chain. They are
bioaccumulative.

 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

The use of auxiliary substances ( solvents , separation agents , etc. ) should be made
unnecessary whenever possible and , when used , innocuous.
 Design for Energy Efficiency
Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts
and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and
pressure.
 Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever
technically and economically practical.
 Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis
Whenever practicable , synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate
substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
New polycarbamate synthesis is based on the
substitution of toxic carbonyl chloride with carbon dioxide.
 Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization ( blocking group , protection/deprotection , temporary
modification of physical/chemical processes ) should be avoided.
 Design for Degradation
Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not
persist in the environment and instead break down into innocuous degradation products.
 Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are
superior to stoichiometricreagents.
 Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention
Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time in-process
monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.
 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen as to
minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases , explosions and fires.
 Example

 Green Paints
Proctor and gamble is synthesizing
a paint made of soya oil and sugar
to replace the regular paints. It will not
produce the toxic fumes and is safer to use.

 Green Carpets
Recyclable
 Conclusion

 Prevention of waste
 Less accidents
 Reduction of waste
 Time consuming
 References

1. Linthorst J.A. Foundat. Chem., 2010 , 12:55

2. Clark J., Chem. Br., 1998 , 34:43
3. Anastas P., Eghbali N Chem. Soc. Rev., 39:301
4. Anastas P.T., Warner J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and
practice, 1998 , p 29-56
5. Matlack , A. Introduction to green chemistry . CRC press,
2010 ,
6. Sheldon R.A. Green Chem , 2010 , 9:1273