PSYCHOLOGY

B Y: E / C D T. M A R C A U G U S T U S T. G A R C I A
PSYCHOLOGY OF SELF

It focuses on the representation of an

individual based on his/her experiences.
-Home, school, other groups, organizations
or affiliations
1. THE SELF AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTION

• It is a cognitive approach that focuses on the mental processes rather than the
observable behavior.
1.1 William James and the Me-Self, I-Self
I-Self as a “knower”
-pure ego
-component of consciousness
ME- self as known
1. Material Self
2. Social Self
3. Spiritual Self
3 COMPONENTS OF THE ME-SELF
1. Material Self
-consists of things that belong to us or that we belong to.
-Things like family, clothes, our body, and money
2. Social Self
-who we are in a given situation
-people change how they act depending on the social situation that
they are in.
3. Spiritual Self
-it is who we are at our core
-personality, core values, and conscience
1.2 Global versus Differentiated Models
SELF-ESTEEM-a person’s overall self evaluation or sense of self-worth.

GLOBAL-SELF ESTEEM- (a.k.a. Trait self-esteem), is a personality variable

that represents the way people generally feel about themselves.

STATE SELF-ESTEEM-(a.k.a. Feelings of Self-worth), refers to temporary

feelings or momentary emotional reactions to positive and negative events where
we feel good or bad about ourselves during these situations or experiences.

DOMAIN SPECIFIC SELF-ESTEEM- (a.k.a. Self-evaluations), is focused on

how people evaluate their various abilities and attributes.
1.3 Real and Ideal Self Concepts
KAREN HORNEY
• Idealized Self-image
-an imaginary picture of the self as the possessor of unlimited powers and
superlative qualities, is developed.
• Actual Self
-the person one is in everyday life, is often despised because it fails to
fulfill the requirement of the idealized image.
• Real Self
-revealed only as the person begins to shed the various techniques
developed to deal with basic anxiety and to find ways of resolving conflicts.
-the real self is not an entity but a ‘force’ that impels growth and self-
realization.
1.3 Real and Ideal Self Concepts
CARL ROGERS
• Real Self (a.k.a. Self concept)
-includes all aspects of one’s being and one’s
experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not
always accurately) by the individual.
-it is the part of ourselves where we feel, think, look and
act involving our self-image.
• Ideal Self
-revolves around goals and ambitions in life, is dynamic,
the idealized image that we have developed over time.
1.4 Multiple versus Unified Selves
Postmodern psychology contends that man has an
identity that shifts and morphs in different social
situations and in response to different stimuli.

The contention of the importance of mental well-

being, of maintaining unified, centralized, coherent
self.
MULTIPLE SELVES- capacities we carry
within us from multiple relationships. These are
not ‘discovered’ but ‘created’ in our
relationships with other people.

UNIFIED SELVES- well being comes when

our personality dynamics are congruent,
cohesive and consistent.
1.5 True versus False Selves
Donal W. Winnicott
True Self has a sense of integrity, of
connected wholeness that harks to the early
stage.
False Self constantly seeks to anticipate
demands of others in order to maintain the
relationship
• False selves, as investigated by Heinz
Kohut, can lead towards narcissistic
personality, which identifies with external
factors at the cost of one’s own
autonomous creativity.
2. THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
• Self as Proactive
– controlling a situation by making things happen or by
preparing for possible future problems
• Agentic
– asocial cognition theory of Albert Bandura that views
people as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflective and
self-regulating as times change
– the capacity for human beings to make choices in the
world
2. THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
• Agentic Perspective
–states that we are not merely reactive organisms
shaped by environmental forces or driven by inner
impulses
• Agentic Self
–is seeing the world as agents of change
–we have a choice over our actions and we strive to
enable others to make informed, responsible decisions
SELF-EFFICACY
-lies in the center of Bandura’s Social
Cognitive Theory
-It is the measure of one’s ability to
complete goals.