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Psychological
The Self Across Different Psychological Concepts

Perspectives By Junne Malinao

Psycholog
y?
is the scientific study of the mind
and behavior.

is a multifaceted discipline and

includes many sub-fields of study
such areas as human development,
sports, health, clinical, social
behavior and cognitive processes.
William
James
Father of American Psychology.

Theorized the components of the self,

which he divided into two categories:
“Me” and “I”
 The I-
Self
“Pure Ego” - allows us to view our identity
consistently and uniquely from our stream of
consciousness.

Self-Awareness - The act of thinking about

ourselves.

Referred to as the soul (or mind).

The self who knows who they are.

The Me-
Self
is the empirical self
the person’s personal experiences

3 Dimensions of the Me-

1. Material Self -Self
pertains to the things
you own
2. Social Self - significant interpersonal
relations
3. Spiritual Self - one’s personality,
character and defining values
 Karen Horney
German Psychoanalyst

The foundation of a healthy development

stems from our childhood experiences.

Parents need to provide feelings of safety

and security to the child in order for them to
become psychologically healthy
individuals.
 Basic Hostility
Anger and aggression towards the parents
Unexpressed hostility results in basic anxiety or feelings inadequacy and
helplessness in a perceived hostile world

Idealized Self Characteristic

An overly positive and perfect image 1) They are better than others
of the self
s 2) Feel the world owes them
Stems from basic anxiety brought
about by ineffective parenting 3) They should be perfect and the
best
Develop when people feel inferior and
has the need to be loved
 Actualized
Self
The person in our everyday life.

The person one actually is

regardless of other people’s
perceptions

Often despised because it fails to

fulfill the requirement of the idealized
image
 Despised
Self
Negative view of the self

Based on the lack of love and

acceptance by others

Consists of feelings of inferiority,

shortcomings and the feeling that
one is hated

It is assumed that it is one’s

true self is the one hated
 Real
Self
Revealed only as a person begins
to shed the various techniques
developed to deal with basic
anxiety

A “force” that impels growth

and self-realization

The inner core of personality

 Carl
Rogers
American psychologist

There are two types of tendencies of a

living things:

1. FORMATIVE TENDENCY – the ability

of all creatures to evolve from simple to
complex organisms

2. ACTUALIZING TENDENCY – the

tendency of all creatures to grow and
improve to their fullest potential
 Carl
Rogers
Gave emphasis on the subjective experience of a person. Experiences
can help us grow and develop.

As the individual goes through life experiences, he/she becomes a

separate individual from others.

Real Ideal
Self
Refers to the aspects of one’s
being and experiences that
Self
Refers to who you want to
become in the future.
are perceived in awareness.
How the Ideal and the
Real Self Overlap?
1. Congruence/Genuineness - being real;
accepting the self.

2. Empathy - ability to recognize and

understand others’ feelings.

3. Unconditional Positive Regard - no

conditions of worth; unconditional
acceptance.
Albert
Bandura
HUMAN AGENCY
People are agents of experiences.

We are the source of experience.

The capacity to exercise control.

This is what makes us truly humans.

 Proactive
Acting in advance of a future
situation, rather than just reacting.
Taking control and making things
happen rather than just adjusting
to a situation or waiting for
something to happen.
Agentic
Innate ability to be self-organizing,
proactive, self-reflective and self-
regulating as times change.
Agentic perspective states that we
are not merely reactive organisms
shaped by environmental forces or
driven by inner impulses.
Core Features of Human
Agency
1. Intentionality - the idea that people can deliberately create and
change plans or actions for the future.

2. Forethought - the idea that people are able to anticipate the possible
outcomes of their actions and select behaviors that will produce the
desired outcome.

3. Self-reactiveness - This pertains to the ability of people to motivate

themselves and direct their actions.

4. Self-reflectiveness - This pertains to the idea that people have the

ability to examine themselves.
 Self Efficacy
An individual's belief in his or her
capacity to execute behaviors
necessary to produce specific life
attainments.

Reflects confidence in the ability to

exert control over one's own
motivation, behavior, and social
environment.
 Sources of
Self-Efficacy
1. Performance Attainment

2. Vicarious Experience

3. Verbal Persuasions

4. Physiological and Emotional

Arousal
Thanks for
listening!