CHAPTER 3 PERFORMANCES OF DC GENERATOR

1. OPEN-CIRCUIT (NO-LOAD) CHARACTERISTICS

Conditions:

=
=
0 I
const n
No-load characteristic : ) (
0 f
I f U =

u
f f
F I
U
0
) (
0 f
I f U =
) (
f
F f = u
No-load characteristic is essentially the magnetizing curve
Function --- checking rated operating point --- knee point
No-load curve primarily depends on the magnetic system
and less relates to the excitation modes.
2. EXTERNAL (TERMINAL) CHARACTERISTIC
Conditions:

= =
=
) , ( const R generator shunt For const I
const n
f f
External characteristic : ) (I f U =
1). Separately Excited Generator

+ + + u
+

| | +

=
U E
U
I I R
a
reaction armature saturation
I R E U
a L
a a a
). 2 (
). 1 (
Since R
a
and the effect of AR are all small, is an
approximately constant curve.
) (I f U =
2). Shunt Generator
+ + + u + +

+ + + u
+

| | +
=

=
U E I U When
U E
U
I I R
a f
I
a
reaction armature saturation
I R E U
a L
f
R
U
f
a a a
). 3 (
). 2 (
). 1 (
The third reason is a primary reason to make U changed . It
could cause the terminal voltage U to decrease greater than
separately excited generator.
| | | u | |

+ + + u
+

| | +

=
U E I I
U E
U
I I R
a s a
a
reaction armature saturation
I R E U
a L
a a a
). 3 (
). 2 (
). 1 (
The third reason is also primary. It could cause the terminal
voltage U to increase. So the terminal characteristic of series
generator is a rising curve.
3). Series Generator
4). Compound Generator
There are two field windings, shunt winding and series
winding, mounded on the stator.
Shunt winding plays main role and series winding
provides compensating mmf.
Cumulative compound generator --- shunt mmf and series
mmf have same direction and aid each other

<
=
>
0
0
0
U U unding undercompo
U U g compoundin flat
U U nding overcompou
N
N
N
Differential compound generator --- shunt mmf and series
mmf have reverse direction and oppose each other
3. VOLTAGE BUILDUP IN SELF-EXCITED DC
GENERATORS`++
Example: shunt dc generator
Three conditions for buildup:
(1). Residual magnetism exists in stator core.
(2). The mmf from shunt current aids the residual magnetism.
(3). Shunt circuit resistance is less than critical resistance.
Process of buildup
Two curves: magnetization curve and field resistance line
0
) 3 (
) 2 (
1
) 1 (
). 3
). 2
). 1
U stable
U I current shunt initial U
U voltage residual flux residual
condition
condition
f r
r r
condition

| | u
u