MODELS OF

COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
DIFFERENTIATE THE VARIOUS MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION; and
APPRECIATE THE IMPORTANCE OF MODELS
IN DAILY LIFE
WHAT IS THE MODEL?
 MODEL
REPRESENTATION OF REAL WORLD
PHENOMENON IN MORE ABSTRACT TERMS
WHICH CAN BE APPLIED IN DIFFERENT
FORMS.

WE USE MODELS TO SIMPLIFY THE CONCEPTS

OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS IN A
GRAPHICAL FORM
 LINEAR MODEL
IT IS ONE WAY COMMUNICATION
SENDER SENDS THE MESSAGE
RECEIVER RECEIVES ONLY
NO FEEDBACK
 LINEAR MODEL
NOISE – THE CHOICE OF THE
CHANNEL SELECTED MAY AFFECT
THE WAY A RECEIVER
INTERPRETS A MESSAGE
INVOLVES PERSUASION, NOT
MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING
 PROS/ADVANTAGES:
GOOD AT AUDIENCE PERSUASION
THERE ARE INTENTIONAL
RESULTS
USED IN MASS COMMUNICATION
 CONS/DISADVANTAGES:
COMMUNICATION IS NOT
CONTINOUS
NO FEEDBACK
NO INTERACTIVE
DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY IF
COMMUNICATION WAS EFFECTIVE
 OTHER MODELS UNDER LINEAR:
LASWELL’S MODEL
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL
BERLO’S SMCR MODEL
SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
 OTHER MODELS UNDER LINEAR:
LASWELL’S MODEL
 OTHER MODELS UNDER LINEAR:
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL
 OTHER MODELS UNDER LINEAR:
BERLO’S SMCR MODEL
 OTHER MODELS UNDER LINEAR:
SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
 EXAMPLES:
SENDING E-MAILS
RECEIVING A TEXT MESSAGE
LISTENING TO A RADIO
WATCHING TV
 INTERACTIVE MODEL
IT IS A TWO-WAY
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
USED FOR NEW MEDIA LIKE
INTERNET
THERE IS FEEDBACK
INTERACTIVE BUT NOT
SIMULTANEOUS
 PROS
THERE IS FEEDBACK EVEN IN
MASS COMMUNICATION
NEW COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS
 CONS:
FEEDBACK IS DELAYED
THE SENDER AND RECEIVER
MIGHT NOT KNOW WHO THE
OTHER PERSON IS
SCHRAMM MODEL
 EXAMPLES:
INSTANT MESSAGING
Q and A (YOU CAN ASK QUESTIONS
BUT NEED TO WAIT FOR A REPLY)
 TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
SENDER AND RECEIVER BOTH ARE
COMMUNICATORS- THEY ARE
EQUAL
COMMUNICATION IS
SIMULTANEOUS
NON-VERBAL GESTURE IS PART OF
FEEDBACK
 PROS:
SIMULTANEOUS AND INSTANT
FEEDBACK
SENDER AND RECEIVER PLAY THE
SAME ROLE
 CONS:
ENCOURAGES NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
MORE NOISE DUE TO
COMMUNICATORS TALKING AT
THE SAME TIME
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL:
 EXAMPLES:
TALKING/LISTENING TO FRIENDS