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Meaning of Demography:
The word ‘Demography’ is a combination of two Greek words, ‘Demos’ meaning people and ‘Graphy’ meanin
science. Thus demography is the science of people. In the middle of the nineteenth century in 1855, the wor
‘Demography’ was first used by a French writer Achille Guillard.
Donald J. Bogue Demography is the mathematical study of size, composition and special distribution of
population and of changes through the operation of the five processes of fertility, mortality, marriage, migrat
and social mobility.
Benjamin Demography is concerned with the measuring of the past and future population change and for th
purpose the demographers must quantify the elements of fertility, mortality and migration as well as social a
economic influences.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY
• Social demography emerged as an academic discipline in the United States over
the course of the last half of the twentieth century.
• Kingsley Davis coined the term social demography in a 1963 paper (Heer 2005).
Previously, the term population studies was used to denote the study of social
status using demographic techniques.
• In 1970, Thomas Ford and Gordon DeJong published a textbook titled Social
Demography, which included research exemplars in the field.
• In 1975 the first conference on social demography was held at the University of
Wisconsin.
• Sociology and social demography developed in tandem over the course of the
twentieth century. Early social theorists utilized demographic data as empirical
evidence of their claims.
• Robert Park and Ernest Burgess, along with many others within the Chicago
school of sociology, later extended the use of demographic data to support
sociological claims of urban growth and population distribution by socioeconomic
status.
• In the late 1950s, Philip Hauser and Otis Duncan codified the connection of
sociology and demography in their work Population Studies.
NATURE OF SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY
5) Mortality :It is measured by crude death rate and infant mortality rate.
Mortality includes cause of death ,level and trends of mortality,urban rural
differences etc.
5) Migration : Is movement of people from one place to another.Demographers
study general trends of migration,reasons for migration.It studies
differential migration by age ,sex, marital status,educational qualification
etc.
7)Labour force : labour force is active field of demography
which counts economically active population both employed
and unemployed.Many studies related to unemployment are
undertaken by demographers.