Lec.

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Single Effect Evaporation
The single-effect evaporation desalination system
has very limited industrial applications.
This is because the system has a thermal
performance ratio less than one, i.e.;( the amount
of water produced is less than the amount of
heating steam used to operate the system).
However, understanding of this process is
essential since it constitutes many of the elements
forming other single-effect vapor compression
systems as well as the multiple effect evaporation
processes.
This would facilitate understanding of these
systems, which are more complex.

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Single Effect Evaporation
(Process Description)
The main components of the unit are the
evaporator and the feed preheater or the
condenser.
The evaporator consists of an evaporator/
condenser heat exchange tubes, a vapor space, un-
evaporated water pool, a water distribution
system, and a mist eliminator.
The feed preheater has a shell and tube
configuration and operates in a counter-current
mode, where the latent heat of condensed vapor is
transferred to the intake seawater, which includes
the feed (Mf) and the cooling seawater (Mcw)

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Fig. 1. Single effect evaporation desalination process

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Elements of two-effect submerged
evaporator

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Horizontal tube falling film
evaporator

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Vertical tube falling film evaporator

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Plate evaporators

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thanks

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