RKK TIDES PPT 2023 VVG and Simplified

TIDES – TIDAL Calculations
By Capt.R.K.Kumar
Capt.krishnamurthykumar@gmail.com
capt.krishnamurthykumar@gmail.com
Lesson Objective
To do various types of Tidal calculations using “standard method” for
Standard Ports and Secondary Ports- using Admiralty or Indian Tide
Tables.
a) Calculating the height of tide at a given date/time
b) Calculating the time at which the height of tide will reach the
desired level in order to safely pass over a shallow patch
(crossing the bar).
c) Calculating the time at which the height of tide will reach the
desired level in order to safely pass under a bridge’
d) Calculating the tidal-window period for both the above cases.
1. As of 2016 the UKHO ( Admiralty) publishes 8 volumes of Tide Tables covering the
World. Earlier it were 3 and 4 volumes. Increase in Number of Standard Ports has
resulted in more volumes.
2. The general concept, contents and predictions, calculations are same.
3. For more accurate predictions the local Tide Tables may be referred to.
ADMIRALTY TIDE TABLES 2016
NP VOLUME TITLE
201 Volume 1
United Kingdom and Ireland (including European Channel Ports)
202 Volume 2
North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Regions
203 Volume 3
Indian Ocean (including Tidal Stream Tables)
204 Volume 4
South Pacific Ocean (including Tidal Stream Tables)
205 Volume 5
South China Sea and Indonesia (including Tidal Stream Tables)
206 Volume 6
North Pacific Ocean (including Tidal Stream Tables)
207 Volume 7
South West Atlantic Ocean and South America
208 Volume 8
South East Atlantic Ocean, West Africa and Mediterranean (including
Tidal Stream Tables)
Contents / Layout and information from TIDE-TABLES
• As we are using 1992 Extracts , we will be referring to 3 volume- series for convenience. The
principle, layout etc largely remain same. Each volume is divided into 3 Major parts as follows:-
1. Part I:-
a) Gives DAILY predictions of times and heights of HW and LW for Standard Ports, carefully
selected. Heights are above “Chart Datum”.
b) List of Standard Ports are given on the inside of front cover-page. List of all ports are given
alphabetically in the Geographical Index at the last section.
c) The Zone time used is mentioned in each Page ( eg +0530=IST)
d) In volume 1 ( covering European/ British waters) each Standard Port has a Tidal Curve
TEMPLATE diagram. In other volumes a common Standard Template ( for 5, 6 and 7 hour
tidal curve) is given.
e) The introduction of Part I gives information on a lot of factors such as (i) cautions , (ii)
meteorological impacts on predictions (iii) Negative surges (iv) Storm surges (v)Seiches
(vi)Tsunamis (Vii) Wind and barometric pressure effect on predictions etc.
Geographical index of ALL ports with Port number- given at end of the volume
2. Part II:- Gives data for prediction for a large number of SECONDARY PORTS which
have almost the same tidal behavior (curve pattern) as the chosen Standard port
and listed under the Standard Port. ( Standard port and secondary port need not
be near to one another)
3. Part III:- Lists out “Harmonic Constants” data for all ports for use with Harmonic
method of Tidal Predictions using “standard calculation templates NP159.
• In addition the Tide Table contains “Tables” numbered I to VIII

• Part III has a sub-part IIIa.
a) Table I:- Metre to feet Conversion table
b) Table II- Multiplication aiding table
c) Table III: Comparison between chart datum and “ordnance datum” wrt selected British Ports.
d) Table IV:- Similar comparison wrt “land levelling datums” used in ports outside UK ( as made
available)
e) Table V:- Standard Ports:- Lists out Authorities, historical data etc.
f) Table VI:- Fortnightly shallowtaer correction.
g) Table VII:- Tidal Angles and factors- used for Harmonic Method or prediction.
h) Table VIII:- Weekly values of “orbital data of Moon , Sun etc” for astronomical arguments in Harmonic
Method.
2. Part IIIa :- Harmonic Constants for “tidal Streams” .
CAUTIONS:-
1. Pressure:- A difference of 34mb can cause a difference of 30cm in tidal height.
2. Wind:- Strong and prolonged off-shore wind will cause tidal levels to drop. On shore Winds may cause
levels to rise.
3. Seiches:- are “water level” oscillations caused by passing of depressions, usually low and take a wave-
form and may augment existing swells / waves caused due to wind.
4. Storm Surges:- Prolonged On-sore Wind and a slow moving Depression may cause a build-up of a
“oscillation-wave” travelling along or on-shore. When superimposed with the crest of “normal wave or
swell” will result in increasing the sea-level. In North Sea sea level had temporarily risen by as much as
2.7 m.
5. Negative Surges:- Somewhat similar but “opposite” to storm surge. Sea level has temporarily fallen by
as much as 2.3 m below prediction by Tide Tables.
6. Tsunamis / Seismic Sea Waves:- Underwater Earth Quakes.
7. Bore Tides:- Usually occur soon after Low water in Estuaries. Strong Flood Tide virtually stops the
seaward flow of the River Water and the tidal “wave” is built up. The crests being further away from the
low-river bed tend to travel faster than the trough resulting in building up of a “steep Wall” of crest
travelling very fast. Bore tides ( eg Bay of Funday) have reached as high as 16 mtrs. Our own Hubli River
/ Sandheads is a classic example.
What is spring curve and neap curve – When to use which curve?
Master Template- RKK
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
1. When the Day Range is = or > Spring Range , then use SPRING CURVE. In
the case of ANTWERP the Spring Range is 5.5m. If the given day range is
5.5m or more use SPRING CURVE. THE BOLD CURVE.
2. When the day range is less than or = the NEAP RANGE ( 4.0m for
ANTWERP), use the dotted curve.
3. If the Day Range is “ in-between” , we must interpolate between the two
curves.
Master Template- RKK – Ex 1 : Day Range > Spring Range Q1:- Find Height
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES of Tide during PM
Springs 5.5 m hours on 6th
NEAPS 4.0 m ---- April,92 at 2h20m
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 1146 …….0.2 m
HW:- 1722 …….6.0 m
Diff:- 05h36m……..5.8 m
ANTWERP
2.69 m NEAPS 4.0 m ---- April,92 at 2h20m
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 1146 …….0.2 m
HW:- 1722 …….6.0 m
Diff:- 05h36m……..5.8 m
Step 2:-
Spring Range = 5.5 m and neap range=4.0 m
Answer :- Th4 Height of Tide “now”=2.69m.
Today’s range is 5.8 m which is > spring range.
Therefore ONLY SPRING CURVE TO BE USED.
Master Template- RKK – Ex 2 : Day Range < Neap Range Q2:- Find Height
ANTWERP
3.11m NEAPS 4.0 m ---- April,92 at 2h20m
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 1619 ……1.0 m
HW:- 2237 ……4.4 m
Diff:- 06h18m…….. 3.4 m
Step 2:-
Th4 Height of Tide “now” = 3.11m.
Today’s range is 3.4 m which is < neap range.
Therefore ONLY NEAP CURVE TO BE USED.
Ex 3 : Day Range is in between spring and neap range Q3:- Find Height
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES of Tide during AM
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 0427 ……0.5 m
HW:- 1038 ……5.0 m
Diff:- 06h11m…….. 4.5 m
Step 2:-
Today’s range is 4.5 m which is in-between spring
and neap. Therefore we must interpolate
between the two curves.
Ex 3 : Day Range is in between spring and neap range Q3:- Find Height
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES of Tide during AM
3.02m before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 0427 ……0.5 m
HW:- 1038 ……5.0 m
Diff:- 06h11m…….. 4.5 m
Do visual interpolation
“VERTICALLY”. Today’s
Range is closer to Neap
than spring range.
Step 2:-
Spring Range = 5.5 m and neap range=4.0 m Th4 Height of Tide “now” = 3.02m.
Today’s range is 4.5 m which is in-between
spring and neap. Therefore we must
interpolate between the two curves.
NOW– Explain reverse calculation. Example:
1. At what time will the HOT (height of Tide) be
enough for a ship to pass over a shallow patch
(normally called “bar”)??
2. What is the earliest time and latest time when the
ship can cross a bar having required UKC? (called
Tidal Window)??
Master Template- RKK – Ex 1a : Day Range > Spring Range
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES STEP 1:- (Start with rising tide)
Springs 5.5 m
Q:- A ship requires 2.69 m 5th LW: 2325 : 0.2m
NEAPS 4.0 m ---- = 5.9m
a minimum HOT of 6th HW: 0502 : 6.1m
2.69m to cross = 5.9m
over a bar near 6th LW : 1146 : 0.2m
Antwerp on 6th
April, 1992. Find
the available tidal
window.
Step 2:- Day Range> spring range, Therefore ONLY SPRING

CURVE TO BE USED for both sides. // Step3 : draw the Sloping Answer:- The tidal window is from “2h 20m before
interrogation line // Step4: Drop down the vertical required HOT HW till 3h 59m after HW. That is:- From 0242 hours
Line //Step 5: Draw the horizontal line and then vertical till 0901 hours on 6th April.
downward time-line. ON BOTH SIDES OF HW.
Master Template- RKK – Ex 1a : Day Range > Spring Range
ANTWERP
Springs 5.5 m
Q:- A ship requires 2.69 m 5th LW: 2325 : 0.2m
NEAPS 4.0 m ---- = 5.9m
a minimum HOT of 6th HW: 0502 : 6.1m
Antwerp on 6th
April, 1992. Find
RKK: WATCH OUT. If the Range of Rising curve
the available tidal and falling curve are different, then two
window. sloping lines ( Interrogation lines) need to be
drawn. ( example 4m range while rising and 3
m when falling)
Step 2:- Day Range> spring range, Therefore ONLY SPRING

CURVE TO BE USED for both sides. // Step3 : draw the Sloping Answer:- The tidal window is from “2h 20m before
interrogation line // Step4: Drop down the vertical required HOT HW till 3h 59m after HW. That is:- From 0242 hours
Line //Step 5: Draw the horizontal line and then vertical till 0901 hours on 6th April.
Ex 3a : Day Range is in between spring and neap range
ANTWERP
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----6 LW: 0427 : 0.5m
th
Q:- A ship requires = 4.5m
a minimum HOT of 3.02m
6th HW: 1038 : 5.0m
Antwerp on 6th
April, 1992. Find
the available tidal
window.
Step 2:- Day Range is “in-between, Therefore Interpolate ON Answer LW to HW curve:- :- “2h 20m before HW,
BOTH THE SIDES OF HW. // Step3 : draw the Sloping That is earliest time to cross the bar is 0818 hours.
interrogation line // Step4: Drop down the vertical required WHAT ABOUT THE LATEST TIME??????? Draw
HOT Line //Step 5: Draw the horizontal line and then vertical the FALLING CURVE SLOPE LINE – next slide…..
Ex 3a : Day Range is in between spring and neap range
ANTWERP
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----6 LW: 0427 : 0.5m
th
Q:- A ship requires = 4.5m
a minimum HOT of 3.02m
6th HW: 1038 : 5.0m
Antwerp on 6th
April, 1992. Find
the available tidal
window.
0.8m
Step 2:- Day Range is “in-between, Therefore Interpolate ON Answer LW to HW curve:- :- “2h 20m before HW,
BOTH THE SIDES OF HW. // Step3 : draw the Sloping That is earliest time to cross the bar is 0818 hours.
interrogation line // Step4: Drop down the vertical required
HOT Line //Step 5: Draw the horizontal line and then vertical Answer HW to LW curve:- :- “2h 59m after HW, That
downward time-line. ON BOTH SIDES OF HW. is latest time to cross the bar is 1337 hours.
VOLUME 2 and 3 : CALCULATIONS
These are much simpler. Next slides
Ex 6:- Find HOT at Bay of Funday ( Saint Time HOT
John) at 0600 hours on 9th March, 1992 HW 0220 7.6m
LW 0840 1.2m
Diff 6h20m 6.4m
Ans:3.63m 7.6m HW time 0220 h

Rqrd time 0600 h
Diff= 3h 40m
after HW
1.2m
Draught + UKC = CD Sounding + HOT
HOT = (Draught + UKC) - CD Sounding
Sealevel-NOW
Ht Of D
Tide R
NOW A
F Chart Datum
T
Soun
ding UKC
SEA - BED
HOT = (Charted Height of Bridge + Height of MHWS) – ( Air clearance+ Air Draft )
Bridge or Overhead cable

Air clearance
Charted height
AIR DRAFT
Ht Datum (MHWS or MHHW)
Sealevel-NOW
MHWS
HOT
Chart Datum
END OF PRIMARY PORTS
1. END OF PRIMARY PORTS
2. Now comes the SECONDARY PORTS in Volume 1 and
other volumes.
3. The calculations are a bit more complicated, but if you
use my format, it becomes easier.
4. More in Class-room.
5. Times of HW/LW and Height of tide can be calculated
for most 2ndary ports correctly. But to calculate
“intermediate heights, there are some cautions. More in
Class Room teaching.
6. Have fun, but very good fun. In today’s demand for very
small UKC sailing out of ports, a back-up calculation is
significant as against the Port’s declared tidal predictions.
RKK:-
1. Next presentation for secondary Ports and my templates
will be shown in WORD or PDF format in class-room.
2. These can be followed with discipline and get correct
results.
The slides which follow are MASTER
templates and can be ignored. Meant
only for my reference.
RKK
The slides which follow are MASTER
templates and can be ignored. Meant
only for my reference.
RKK
Port : Non-Such
MEAN RANGES
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
ANTWERP
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 1146 …….0.2 m
HW:- 1722 …….6.0 m
Diff:- 05h36m……..5.8 m
Step 2:-
Today’s range is 5.8 m which is > spring range.
Therefore ONLY SPRING CURVE TO BE USED.
ANTWERP
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 1146 …….0.2 m
HW:- 1722 …….6.0 m
Diff:- 05h36m……..5.8 m
F = 0.43
Step 2:-
Spring Range = 5.5 m and neap range=4.0 m Step 4:- Rise of Tide “NOW” = Today Range x Factor
Today’s range is 5.8 m which is > spring Ie Rise of Tide “now” = 5.8 x 0.43 = 2.49m.
range. Therefore ONLY SPRING CURVE TO BE Th4 Height of Tide “now” = LW+ Rise = 0.2+2.49= 2.69m.
USED.
ANTWERP
2.69 m NEAPS 4.0 m ---- April,92 at 2h20m
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 1146 …….0.2 m
HW:- 1722 …….6.0 m
Diff:- 05h36m……..5.8 m
F = 0.43
Step 2:-
Today’s range is 5.8 m which is > spring Ie Rise of Tide “now” = 5.8 x 0.43 = 2.49m.
range. Therefore ONLY SPRING CURVE TO BE Th4 Height of Tide “now” = LW+ Rise = 0.2+2.49= 2.69m.
USED.
Ex 2 follows : Day Range < Neap Range ( Std Port- Vol 1)
ANTWERP
before HW?
Step 1:-
F = 0.62 LW:- 1619 ……1.0 m
HW:- 2237 ……4.4 m
Diff:- 06h18m…….. 3.4 m
Step 2:- Step 4:- Rise of Tide “NOW” = Today Range x Factor
Spring Range = 5.5 m and neap range=4.0 m Ie Rise of Tide “now” = 3.4 x 0.62 = 2.11m.
Today’s range is 3.4 m which is < neap range. Th4 Height of Tide “now” = LW+ Rise = 1.0+2.11= 3.11m.
ANTWERP
3.11m NEAPS 4.0 m ---- April,92 at 2h20m
before HW?
Step 1:-
F = 0.62 LW:- 1619 ……1.0 m
HW:- 2237 ……4.4 m
Diff:- 06h18m…….. 3.4 m
Step 2:- Step 4:- Rise of Tide “NOW” = Today Range x Factor
Spring Range = 5.5 m and neap range=4.0 m Ie Rise of Tide “now” = 3.4 x 0.62 = 2.11m.
Today’s range is 3.4 m which is < neap range. Th4 Height of Tide “now” = LW+ Rise = 1.0+2.11= 3.11m.
QUESTIONS:-
1. What happens if today’s range is between SR and NR? – Interpolate
between the two curves. HOW ?
2. What Happens if we were to find height of Tide say, 6 hours before HW

when the graph is only till 5.5 hours before HW?
3. How do we work out “ At what time will the Height of Tide be 5 mtrs?” –
especially if we have to interpolate between the two curves?
Ex 3 follows :- DR is in-between Spring and Neap ranges – trick of

interpolation.
Master Template- RKK – Ex 3 : Day Range is in between spring and neap Q3:- Find Height
ANTWERP
range of Tide during AM
MEAN RANGES
before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 0427 ……0.5 m
HW:- 1038 ……5.0 m
Diff:- 06h11m…….. 4.5 m
Step 2:-
Today’s range is 4.5 m which is in-between
spring and neap. Therefore we must
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES
today NEAPS 4.0 m ---- April,92 at 2h20m
STEP 3 range Range Factor before HW?
Spring 5.50m 0.43 Step 1:-
4.50m
Neap 4.00m 0.62 LW:- 0427 ……0.5 m
F=0.62
Diff (-)1.50m 0.19 HW:- 1038 ……5.0 m
Required= DR-SR = 4.50 -5.50 = (-)1.0 m Diff:- 06h11m…….. 4.5 m
F=0.43
Ratio = Required ÷ Diff =
(-) 1.0 ÷ (-1.5) = 0.67
Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * 0.19=

0.13
Factor for today= 0.43 + 0.13 = 0.56
Step 2:-
Today’s range is 4.5 m which is in-between Ie Rise of Tide “now” = 4.50 x 0.56 = 2.52m.
spring and neap. Therefore we must Th4 Height of Tide “now” = LW+ Rise = 0.5+2.52= 3.02m.
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES
3.02m before HW?
Step 1:-
LW:- 0427 ……0.5 m
F=0.56 HW:- 1038 ……5.0 m
Diff:- 06h11m…….. 4.5 m
Can also do visual
interpolation If
curves are close
and reasonably STEP 3 today range Range Factor
parallel Spring 5.50m 0.43
4.50m
Neap 4.00m 0.62
Diff (-)1.50m 0.19
Required= DR-SR = 4.50 -5.50 = (-)1.0 m
Ratio = Required ÷ Diff = (-) 1.0 ÷ (-1.5) = 0.67
Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * 0.19= 0.13
Factor for today= 0.43 + 0.13 = 0.56
Step 2:-
Ex 4 :- To find HOT at Given Time – Standard port- Vol 1- DR is
in-between Spring and Neap ranges
Ex 4 : Find HOT at given time when Day Range is
Master Template- RKK –
ANTWERP Q4:-Find HOT at
in between spring and neap range
MEAN RANGES 1136 (zone =-0100)
Springs 5.5 m on 12th Feb, 92 at
NEAPS 4.0 m ---- ANTWERP.
Step 1:-
HW:- 0836 ……5.2 m
0.58
LW:- 1500 ……0.7 m
Diff:- 06h24m…….. 4.5 m
0.50 Step 2:- 1136
STEP 4 today range Range Factor LT= 3 h after
Spring
4.50m
5.50m 0.58 HW
Neap 4.00m 0.50
Diff (-)1.50m (-)0.08
Required= DR-SR = 4.50 -5.50 = (-)1.0 m
Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * (-0.08)= (-)0.05
Factor for today= 0.58 + (-)05)= 0.53
Step 3:-
STEP 3 today range Range Factor
Spring 5.50m 0.43
4.50m
Neap 4.00m 0.62
Diff (-)1.50m 0.19
Required= DR-SR = 4.50 -5.50 = (-)1.0 m
Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * 0.19= 0.13
Factor for today= 0.43 + 0.13 = 0.56
Ex 5:- Find Tidal Window- Standard Port (Vol 1) Day Range is
in-between Spring and Neap.
Ex 5 : Day Range is in between spring and neap
ANTWERP Q5:-Find Tidal
range AND TO FIND time for given HOT or tidal window.
MEAN RANGES window on first
Springs 5.5 m rising tide Antwerp
NEAPS 4.0 m ---- on 12th Feb 92 for
HOT 3.09m?
Step 1:-
HW:- 0836 ……5.2 m
LW:- 1500 ……0.7 m
0.53
Diff:- 06h24m…….. 4.5 m
STEP 4 today range Range TIMES

Spring 5.50m 0319
4.50m
Neap 4.00m 0252
Diff (-)1.50m (-) 0027
Required= DR-SR = 4.50 -5.50 = (-)1.0 m
Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * (- 0027)= (-) 0018
Factor for today= 0319+ (-)0018= 0301 hours after HW
0252 ( Neap) 0319 (Sp)
Step 3:-
Spring Range = 5.5 m and neap range=4.0 m Step 2:-HOT required =3.09m
Today’s range is 4.5 m which is in-between Th4 Rise Required = HOT-LW= 3.09-0.7= 2.39m.
spring and neap. Therefore we must Th4 Factor required = Rise / Range = 2.39/4.5=0.53
NEAPS 4.0 m ---- on 12th Feb 92 for
HOT 3.09m?
Step 1:-
HW:- 0836 ……5.2 m
LW:- 1500 ……0.7 m
0.53
Diff:- 06h24m…….. 4.5 m
STEP 4 today range Range TIMES

Spring 5.50m 0152
4.50m
Neap 4.00m 0246
Diff (-)1.50m (+) 0054
Required= DR-SR = 4.50 -5.50 = (-)1.0 m
Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * ( 0054)= 0036
Factor for today= 0152+ 0036= 0228hours BEFORE HW
0246 ( Neap) 0152 (Sp)

Step 3:-
Spring Range = 5.5 m and neap range=4.0 m Step 2:-HOT required =3.09m
Today’s range is 4.5 m which is in-between Th4 Rise Required = HOT-LW= 3.09-0.7= 2.39m.
spring and neap. Therefore we must Th4 Factor required = Rise / Range = 2.39/4.5=0.53
Required Factor = 0.53 as on 12th Feb 92 for
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
calculated earlier HOT 3.09m?
0.66 Mean factor =0.61

0.59 as per table below
0.53
as per table beolw
0.42
3 hours
Time Leftside of Median = 2h30m after HW Time Rightside of Median= 3h30m after HW
Day range Mn range Factor Day range Mn range Factor
Spring 5.50m 0.66 Spring 5.50m 0.49
4.50m 4.50m
Neap 4.00m 0.59 Neap 4.00m 0.42
Difference (-)1.50 (-)0.07 Difference (-)1.50 (-)0.07
Final Factor= { (4.5-5.5) / (4.0-5.5) *(- 0.07)} + 0.66 = 0.61 Final Factor= {(4.5-5.5) / (4.0-5.5) * (- 0.07)} + 0.49= 0.44
VOLUME 2 PORTS :- Standard Ports
John) at 0600 hours on 9th March, 1992
0220 7.6m
0840 1.2m
rqrd Curve time Factor Diff 6h20m 6.4m
6h 20m 6 hour 0.33 HW= 0220 h
7 hour 0.48 Rqrd= 0600 h
Interpolated factor= 0.38 Diff= 3h 40m after
HW
F=0.48 (7h)
F=0.33 (6h)
Step 5:- Rise of Tide “NOW” = Today Range x Factor

Ie Rise of Tide “now” = 6.40 x 0.38 = 2.43m.
Th4 Height of Tide “now” = LW+ Rise = 1.2+2.43= 3.63m.
Another method by sloping line
John) at 0600 hours on 9th March, 1992
0220 7.6m
0840 1.2m
Diff 6h20m 6.4m
Ans:3.63m 7.6m HW= 0220 h
Rqrd= 0600 h
Diff= 3h 40m after
HW
F=0.48 (7h)
F=0.38
F=0.33 (6h)
Rise of Tide “NOW” = Today
rqrd Curve time Factor
Range x Factor
6h 20m 6 hour 0.33 Ie Rise of Tide “now” = 6.40
7 hour 0.48 x 0.38 = 2.43m.
Th4 Height of Tide “now” =
Interpolated factor= 0.38
LW+ Rise = 1.2+2.43=3.63m.
1.2m
Ex:- 7
Difference 0608 1.6m
HW time := 1458
HOT Required for (Time) 1100
( check if any Zone difference
exists)
Th4 Time difference= 3h 58m BEFORE HW.
Ex 7 :- Ans:- HOT at 1100 LT= 0.6 m
PAUSE :-
Ex 4 : Find HOT at given time when Day Range is
ANTWERP Q4:-Find HOT at
in between spring and neap range
MEAN RANGES 1136 (zone =-0100)
Springs 5.5 m on 12th Feb, 92 at
NEAPS 4.0 m ---- ANTWERP.
Step 1:-
HW:- 0836 ……5.2 m
0.58
LW:- 1500 ……0.7 m
Diff:- 06h24m…….. 4.5 m
0.50 Step 2:- 1136
STEP 4 today range Range Factor LT= 3 h after
Spring
4.50m
5.50m 0.58 HW
Neap 4.00m 0.50
Diff (-)1.50m (-)0.08
Required= DR-SR = 4.50 -5.50 = (-)1.0 m
Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * (-0.08)= (-)0.05
Factor for today= 0.58 + (-)05)= 0.53
Step 3:-
0.66
0.59
0.49
0.42
0.66 Mn =0.61
0.59
0.49
Mn =0.44
0.42
Q:-Find Tidal
window on first
rising tide
Antwerp on 12th
Feb 92 for HOT
3.09m?
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
ANTWERP
MEAN RANGES
Springs 5.5 m
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
0807 0907 1007 1107 1207 1307
Given time= 0947, ie 3h20m before HW. Spring Factor= 0.45 , Neap Factor=0.38
0807 0907 1007 1107 1207 1307
0807 0907 1007 1107 1207 1307
RKK:- AS ON 2009 – 4 volumes, now in 2016 -8 volumes. The
general concept, contents and predictions, calculations are same.
Required Factor = 0.53 as on 12th Feb 92 for
NEAPS 4.0 m ----
calculated earlier HOT 3.09m?

0.59 as per table below
0.53
as per table beolw
0.42
3 hours
Time Leftside of Median = 2h30m after HW Time Rightside of Median= 3h30m after HW
Day range Mn range Factor Day range Mn range Factor
Spring 5.50m 0.66 Spring 5.50m 0.49
4.50m 4.50m
Neap 4.00m 0.59 Neap 4.00m 0.42
Difference (-)1.50 (-)0.07 Difference (-)1.50 (-)0.07
Final Factor= { (4.5-5.5) / (4.0-5.5) *(- 0.07)} + 0.66 = 0.61 Final Factor= {(4.5-5.5) / (4.0-5.5) * (- 0.07)} + 0.49= 0.44

RKK TIDES PPT 2023 VVG and Simplified

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TIDES – TIDAL Calculations

• In addition the Tide Table contains “Tables” numbered I to VIII

Step 2:- Day Range> spring range, Therefore ONLY SPRING

Step 2:- Day Range> spring range, Therefore ONLY SPRING

Ans:3.63m 7.6m HW time 0220 h

Bridge or Overhead cable

2. What Happens if we were to find height of Tide say, 6 hours before HW

Ex 3 follows :- DR is in-between Spring and Neap ranges – trick of

Increment= Ratio x Diff= 0.67 * 0.19=

STEP 4 today range Range TIMES

STEP 4 today range Range TIMES

0246 ( Neap) 0152 (Sp)

0.66 Mean factor =0.61

Step 5:- Rise of Tide “NOW” = Today Range x Factor

Difference 0608 1.6m

0.66 Mean factor =0.61

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