PROBLEM-

CENTERED
INSTRUCTION
Is a process of acquiring and understanding of knowledge,
skills in the context of an unfamiliar situation and applying
that learning to the situation.
GOALS OF PROBLEM-
CENTERED INSTRUCTION
 Construct an extensive and flexible knowledge base.
 Foster increased retention of knowledge
 Develop effective problem-solving skils
 Develop self- direction, lifelong learning skills
 Become effective collaborators
CHARACTERISTICS
 In this, students work in small groups to increase knowledge by
identifying learning objectives, engaging in self-directed work and
participating in discussion
 It provides students with greater access to information, support,
resources, flexible approach to learning, collaborative learning
activities and opportunities for self development so that can get
results in higher levels of structural environment.
COMPONENTS OF PROBLEM-
CENTERED INSTRUCTION
Non-lecture format
Teacher acting as a facilitator
Presentation of real world situation or problem form
ordinary life
Group work and group discussion
Student- directed solution of the selected problem
THE PROBLEM CENTERED
INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Introduction of
the problem

Discussion on
Review
problem

Presenting the Independent

solution study

Formulation of
the solution
SEVEN STEPS OF PROBLEM
CENTERED INSTRUCTION
STUDENT’S ROLE
Students have to assume a high degree of
responsibility for their education through effective
self learning working with others and setting
relevant goals for themselves and the group as a
whole.
GROUP MEMBERS ROLE
 Active participation
 Active listening
 Asking questions
 Answering
 Giving information
 Make decisions
DIFFICULTIES OF PCI IN
GROUP
Unprepared for the tutorial
Not given enough time by other members
The dominating group members
The groups that keeps storming
FACILITATORS ROLE
The facilitator play a crucial role in helping the
group establish itself, setting norms for the
group function, ensuring group trus, attending
to the group dynamics and unique
characteristic o the group
USES OF PCI
 To acquire subject matter knowledge
 Motivate learners to learn
 Help learners wit retention
 Develop students thinking skills
 Developing students key skills relvant to the employment
such as interpersonal communication skills
 ADVANTAGES OF PCI
 It stimulates the students to use skills of inquiry and critical
thinking, peer teaching and peer evaluation.
 It increase the ability to apply knowledge in situatiin
 It encourages students to work in teams
 Development of effective self directed learning skills and increase
student faculty interaction is facilitated
 Increase in motivation for learning
 Promote collaborative learning
 Moves learning from a postivie activity to an activity learning
becomes the act of discovery
DISADVANTAGES OF PCI
 It is very difficult and expensive to use as a teaching
technique when the class size is large.
 Students require orientation to perform the role of a learner
in PCI setting
 Resources is expensive
 Evaluation is quite difficult and sometimes may be
subjective
MOTIVATION TO
LEARN
MOTIVATION TO LEARN
 Knowles made an assumption about adult motivation to learn. While children
have external sources of motivation to learn—including parents, teachers, or
the societal push for higher education—once learners become adults, they no
longer have those same external motivators. They get replaced by internal
motivators, which are individual to each learner. 
 Internal motivations for learners could be to get a raise or promotion, to
improve their skills in a relevant area, or to improve their life both in and
outside of the workplace. It’s important that companies spend time
understanding what motivates their learners so that these motivators can be
part of what shapes the learning development process.