The Human Digestive System

Human Digestive System, system

used in the human body for the process
of digestion. The human digestive
system consists primarily of
the digestive tract, or the series of
structures and organs through
which food and liquids pass during their
processing into forms absorbable into
the bloodstream. The system also
consists of the structures through which
wastes pass in the process of
elimination and other organs that
contribute juices necessary for the
digestive process.
 Mouth

1. Ingestion - is the process of taking

of food into the digestive tract . In the
mouth when the food is being chewed
by the teeth, saliva mixes with it
helping us to swallow it. The chewed
food is swallowed through the pharynx
and espophagous.

Teeth - griding biting cutting

Tongue - has a special cell or the taste bud

- contain saliva ; mucin
- rolls the food into small slippery masses of boli.

Pharynx- common passage food and air

-part of the gut; leads from the mouth to the esophagous and to the
tranchea or windpipe.
 Esophagus

- A muscular canal running from the oral cavity

to the stomach

- the tongue pushes a bolus of food into the

espophagous to start it on its way to the stomach

-Persitalsis the movement of organ walls in the

gastrointestinal tract. Peristalsis moves food and
liquid through the gastrointestinal tract and mixes
the contents within each organ
2. Digestion - is the breakdown of large insoluble food Stomach
molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they
can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. The stomach is a J-shaped organ that
digests food. It produces enzymes
Mechanical digestion. This is the process of physically (substances that create chemical
breaking up large pieces of food so they’re more manageable. reactions) and acids (digestive juices). This
mix of enzymes and digestive juices
Chemical digestion. This is the process where complex breaks down food so it can pass to your
molecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are broken small intestine
down into smaller pieces that your body can use. It requires
special proteins called enzymes. digestive juices - fluids produced in your
gastrointestinal tract to help break down
food

chyme -A thick liquid of partially digested

food and digestive juices made in your
stomach. Chyme moves from your
stomach into your small intestine for further
digestion

-food in the stomach can remain for about

2 to 6 hrs. but can stay longer up to 24
hrs.
 Other Accesory Organs

Liver - to make and secrete bile and to process and

purify the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients
that are coming from the small intestine.

Gallbladder stores bile between meals. When you eat,

your gallbladder squeezes bile through the bile ducts
into your small intestine.
- food doesnt touch this organs it is the storage tank for
bile

Bile -is a greenish yellow fluid used to help emulsify

fats.

pancreas - creates natural juices called pancreatic

enzymes to break down foods
 3. Absorption. The simple molecules that result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the
small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries.

Small Intestine

-It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

- primary site of nutrients absorption.
-nutriets are absorved through tiny protusion in the intestine called villi.
Parts of small intestine
duodenum - is the first section of the small intestine
jejunum -is the second part of the small intestine
ileum -is the final section of the small intestine

size - 6meter/ 20 ft long and 4 cm wide tube

4. Assimilation – Itis the movement of digested foodnutrients into the

blood vesselsof the small intestine through diffusion and use of
nutrientsinto the body cells through microvilli
4. Assimilation – Itis the movement of digested foodnutrients into the blood vesselsof
the small intestine through diffusion and use of nutrients into the body cells
through microvilli

For example, glucose is used in respiration to provide energy, and also amino acids are
used to build new proteins.
The fate of the absorbed food glucose for energy production, amino acids for building up
body materials, and fats for energy reserve.
5. Elimination. This is the process of removing indigestible waste products from your body in
the form of feces or urine. Feces are formed in your large intestine and eliminated through
your anus.

Large Intestine

Large Intestine - storage and elimation

of waste left overs

size - 1.4 meter long 6.5 wide tube

Rectum - temporary storage of feces