PEACE STUDIES AND

CONFLICT RESOLUTIONS
Presented By Last Group
What comes to your mind
when you heard the word
"Peace" and "Conflict"?

08
 What is Peace Study?
• In peace studies, "peace" is not merely the
absence of war, but also the presence of the
prerequisites for a just and lasting peace, such as
access to food and clean water, education for
women and children, safety from physical harm,
and other inalienable human rights.

08
Peace studies can be classified as:
• Multidisciplinary
• Multilevel
• Multicultural

08
 Multidisciplinary

Multidisciplinary, encompassing elements of Politics and

International Relations (particularly critical international relations
theory), Sociology, Geography, Psychology, Anthropology and
Economics. Critical theory is also widely used in peace and
conflict studies.

08
 Multilevel

Studies of peace look at interpersonal harmony, peace among

neighbors, ethnic groups, marriage, institutions, states, and
civilizations.

08
 Multicultural

In accordance with the United Nations, "culture of peace" refers to

a "set of beliefs, attitudes, modes of conduct and ways of life that
reject violence and prevent conflicts by attacking their root causes
to solve problems through communication and negotiation among
individuals, organizations, and nations."

08
Factors of Peace Studies
• Peacemaking
• Peacekeeping
• Peace building

08
 Peacemaking
According to the United Nation, enforcing peace involves using
force directly, while peacemaking involves diplomatic efforts to
resolve conflicts. It involves in stopping an ongoing conflict.
The ultimate goal of peacemaking is to bring all parties and
stakeholders to a new level of understanding and complete
reconciliation.

08
 Peacekeeping
Activities aimed at establishing favorable conditions for a
permanent peace. It lessens the likelihood of future hostilities,
as well as civilian and battlefield fatalities. It is a collective
investment in the stability, security, and peace of the world.

08
 Peace building
It is a structural mechanism that combines a variety of initiatives
made by different players in local, national, and international
government and civil society to address the immediate effects
and root causes of conflict before, during, and after violent
conflict occurs. It promotes human security—a state of being
free from anxiety, deprivation, and shame.

08
3 types of Violence according to
Johan Galtung

08
Concepts of Peace Studies

1. Positive Peace
2. Negative Peace

08
What is the difference between Positive
Peace and Negative Peace?

08
 The terms Positive and
Negative Peace first
appeared in the founding
edition of the Journal of
Peace Research in 1964,
in an editorial by Johan
Galtung.

08
08
 How to measure a Peace Index of a Country?

• Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)

The IEP worked with the business, economist
intelligence Unit, to develop a method for
measuring a country’s state of peace. It measures
22 particular issues related to peace, these issues
are divided into three major subjects.

08
How to measure a Peace Index of a Country?

The first subject relates to the amount of conflict a

country is currently involved in. the second subject
relates to safety and security within a country. And
lastly, the IEP looks at a country’s military and the
amount of weapon it has. The IEP’s final rating is
based on a formula. 60% is from the state of peace
within the country, 40% is from its state of peace
with other countries.

08
 Philippines climbs 4 notches to 125th in
Global Peace Index 2022
• Out of 163 nations, the Philippines is ranked 129th
in the 2020 World Peace Index.
• Despite the low rankings, the Philippines has shown
growth throughout time. The Philippines has moved
up four notches to 125th place out of 163 countries
in this year’s Global Peace Index (GPI).

08
 What is Conflict Resolution?
• Conflict resolution is a way for two or more
parties to find a peaceful solution to a
disagreement among them. The disagreement
may be personal, financial, political, or
emotional. When a dispute arises, often the best
course of action is negotiation to resolve the
disagreement.

08
Conflict Resolution Strategies
1. Negotiation
2. Meditation
3. Arbitration
4. Litigation

08
 Negotiation
• Conflict negotiation is the process of
resolving a dispute or a conflict
permanently, by providing for each sides'
needs, and adequately addressing their
interests so that they are satisfied with the
outcome.
08
 Meditation
• Mediation is a constructive conversation
between people in conflict facilitated by a
neutral third person, the Mediator. Mediation
provides participants an opportunity to
collaboratively design creative solutions to
workplace conflict and repair professional
relationships.
08
 Arbitration
• Arbitration is a procedure in which a dispute
is submitted, by agreement of the parties, to
one or more arbitrators who make a binding
decision on the dispute. In choosing
arbitration, the parties opt for a private
dispute resolution procedure instead of going
to court.
08
Conflict Resolution Skills:
• Active Listening
• Communication
• Don’t Put the Blame
• Remain Calm
• Collaboration

08
 Active Listening
Taking the time to hear what the other side has to say is
one of the most important steps in addressing a conflict.
Focusing on what the other person has to say while
maintaining silence during their speech, and paying
attention to how they phrase things are all aspects of
active listening.

08
 Communication
In any relationship, whether personal or professional,
communication is essential. Everyone involved in the
conflict should feel comfortable openly discussing their
thoughts and feelings in order to come to a resolution
together.

08
 Don’t Put the Blame
Pointing fingers will only contribute to increasing the
conflict and making things worse. Instead, provide a
secure environment that avoids blaming any one
individual. The problem will be solved more quickly if
everyone works together to discover a solution. This
will help strengthen relationships and foster
collaboration.

08
 Remain Calm
Our natural reaction during an argument is often to go
into strong feelings like anger and resentment, but this
rarely leads to a resolution. This is why it is a good idea
to avoid further discussion after the initial argument.
Wait until your emotions have subsided before
attempting to resolve the conflict. This will allow both
parties to reflect on the conflict and critically consider
what happened and why.
08
 Collaboration
Both sides in a conflict frequently think they are right,
therefore, collaboration, establishing a middle ground,
and compromise are important. Collaboration involves
putting aside your ego and working together to find a
solution to the current problem.

08
Thank You!
08