SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMEN
T
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT?
- The concept of sustainable
development was described by the
1987 Bruntland Commission Report
as “development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.” 
THREE R’s OF SUSTAINABALE
DEVELOPMENT
REDUCE
Reduce: to use fewer
resources in the first
place. It takes resources
to manufacture,
transport, and dispose of
products, so reduction
minimizes the use of
new resources.
REUSE
 Reuse: Use materials
more than once in their
original form instead of
throwing them away
after each use. Reuse
keeps new resources
from being used for a
while longer, and old
resources from entering
the waste stream.
RECYCLE
 Recycle: Converting waste
materials into new products,
changing them from their
original form by physical
and chemical processes.
Although recycling uses
energy, it helps to prevent
new resources from being
used and old materials from
entering the waste stream.
Waste management: METHODS OF
DISPOSAL
 Preventing or
reducing waste
generation: 
Extensive use of new
or unnecessary
products is the root
cause of unchecked
waste formation
Waste management: METHODS OF
DISPOSAL
 Recycling: 

 serves to transform the

wastes into products of
their own genre
through industrial
processing. Paper,
glass, aluminum, and
plastics are commonly
recycled.
Waste management: METHODS OF
DISPOSAL
 Incineration: Incineratio
n features combustion of
wastes to transform them
into base components,
with the generated heat
being trapped for
deriving energy. Assorted
gases and inert ash are
common by-products.
Waste management: METHODS OF
DISPOSAL
Composting: 
It Involves
decomposition
of organic wastes by
microbes by allowing the
waste to stay
accumulated in a pit for a
long period of time.
Waste management: METHODS OF
DISPOSAL
 Sanitary Landfill:
 This involves the dumping
of wastes into a landfill. The
base is prepared of a
protective lining, which
serves as a barrier between
wastes and ground water,
and prevents the separation
of toxic chemicals into the
water zone.
Waste management: METHODS OF
DISPOSAL
 Disposal in
ocean/sea: 
Wastes generally of
radioactive nature are
dumped in the oceans
far from active human
habitats.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Air Pollution
Air is usually comprised of
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen,
0.9% oxide gases and 0.1%
inert gases. When the air
becomes contaminated with
other elements such as
poisonous gases or particles,
it can cause serious problems
to human health.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Soil Pollution
Soil can be stripped of
It’s nutrients (and
therefore fertility) by a
number of chemical
agents and when this
occurs, it is known as
soil pollution.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Thermal Pollution
Many industries release
heat energy as a by-
product and once
released into the
environment, this thermal
energy is partially
responsible for global
warming.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Radioactive Pollution
When radioactive metals
disintegrate, they release
beta rays which can
cause a whole host of
mutative diseases in
living organisms, this is
known as radioactive
pollution.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Noise Pollution
Noise pollution refers to an
excess of unpleasant sounds
emanating from industry,
infrastructure, heavy
machinery, transportation,
and even human occupation
being released into the
environment
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Light Pollution 
defined as the alteration
of natural light levels in
both indoor and outdoor
environments through
human interference.
Light pollution causes
headaches, fatigue, stress
and anxiety.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Acid Rain
is made up of water
droplets that are unusually
acidic because of
atmospheric pollution,
most notably the excessive
amounts of sulfur and
nitrogen released by cars
and industrial processes.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Littering

Litter dropped in streets,

along the side of the
road, or in bushland can
be washed or blown into
creeks and rivers,
polluting land, waterways
and ocean environments.
FORMS OF POLLUTION; SOURCES AND CAUSES
OF POLLUTION; EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Visual pollution
is a term used to
describe something
that blocks or
otherwise obstructs
the view of a
particular place or
thing.
The sources and causes of environmental
pollution include the following:
 Industrial activities: 
The industries all over the
world that brought prosperity
and affluence, made inroads
in the biosphere and disturbed
the ecological balances. The
improper disposals of
industrial wastes are the
sources of soil and 
water pollution. 
The sources and causes of environmental
pollution include the following:
 Fuel emissions: 
The smoke emitted by
vehicles using petrol
and diesel and the
cooking coal also
pollutes the
environment.
The sources and causes of environmental
pollution include the following:
 Rapid urbanization and
industrialization: 
The urbanization and the rapid
growth of industrialization are
causing 
environmental pollution the
greatest harm to the plant life,
which in turn causing harm to
the animal kingdom and the
human lives.
The sources and causes of environmental
pollution include the following:
 Population

Overgrowth: 
Due to the increase in
population, particularly in
developing countries, there
has been surge in demand
for basic food, occupation
and shelter.
The sources and causes of environmental
pollution include the following:
 Environmental pollutio
n
 
Has negatively affected
both human beings and
animals. Almost all of our
success in the fields of
industrial progress, science
and technology had so far
been realized at the cost of
our health.
  
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(CONTROL OF EMISSIONS AND EFFLUENTS
INTO AIR, WATER, OR SOIL)
 Pollution control is a term used in environmental
management. It means the control of emissions
and effluents into air, water or soil. Without
pollution control, the waste products from
consumption, heating, agriculture, mining,
manufacturing, transportation and other human
activities, whether they accumulate or disperse,
will degrade the environment.
  
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(CONTROL OF EMISSIONS AND EFFLUENTS
INTO AIR, WATER, OR SOIL)
 Pollution prevention describes activities that
reduce the amount of pollution generated by a
process, whether it is consumer consumption,
driving, or industrial production.
 Although there is wide agreement that source
reduction is the preferred strategy, some
professionals also use the term pollution
prevention to include pollution reduction.
  
SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

 Touse natural resources sustainably we

need to rethink which resources we use
and how we use them. We should also ask
ourselves if we really need to use them in
the first place. Sustainable resource use
occurs when our rate of consumption can
continue forever without damaging the
environment. To do this we should try to:
  
SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

 Use renewable
resources, like wind
and solar energy,
instead of non-
renewable
resources, like 
fossil fuels.
  
SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

 Use those resources which cause less

harm to the environment.
  
SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

 Cut back on the amount of natural resources,

and in particular non-renewable resources we
use, by reducing, reusing and recycling.
  
GLOBAL WARMING; EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING; EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL
WARMING

 Burning fossil fuels

When we burn fossil
fuels like coal, oil and
gas to create
electricity or power
our cars, we release
CO2 pollution into the
atmosphere.
  
GLOBAL WARMING; EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING; EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL
WARMING

 SOLUTIONS:

• Reducing the amount of electricity generated from coal

and gas
• Increasing the amount of electricity from clean,
renewable energy sources like solar and wind
•
Join the movement for stronger action on climate change
 and urge key Australian politicians to get us back on
track to meeting our Paris Agreement targets. 
  
GLOBAL WARMING; EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING; EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL
WARMING

Deforestation
 & Tree-Clearing
Plants and trees play an important role in
regulating the climate because they
absorb carbon dioxide from the air and
release oxygen back into it. Forest’s and
bushland act as carbon sinks and are a
valuable means of keeping global
warming to 1.5°C
  
GLOBAL WARMING; EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING; EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL
WARMING

 SOLUTIONS:  
• Prevent deforestation and tree-clearing
• Plant more trees through reforestation and
afforestation
• Shop sustainably
•
Call on our leaders to introduce stronger laws to
stop excessive tree-clearing
  
GLOBAL WARMING; EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING; EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL
WARMING
 Agriculture & Farming
 Animals, particularly 

livestock
like sheep and cattle,
produce methane, a
greenhouse gas.
 Australian farming
contributes 16% of our
total greenhouse gas
emissions.
  
GLOBAL WARMING; EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING; EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL
WARMING
 SOLUTIONS:

• Use different stock feeds can help to reduce farming's

contribution to climate change
• WWF is working with leading beef producers
through ‘Project Pioneer’ to develop, trial and validate
improved livestock and pasture management that can
deliver significant economic, social and environmental
gains
 MALTAS CONTRIBUTION TO
GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL
 The government’s current plans to widen
existing roads and build new ones to cater for
the ever-increasing number of cars on
Maltese roads seems to jar with Malta’s
commitment to limit greenhouse gas
emissions from cars and meet the country’s
maximum emission targets
 MALTAS CONTRIBUTION TO
GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL
 The 2015 Paris climate agreement, to which Malta is
a signatory, seeks to hold rising temperatures to
“well below 2ºC above pre-industrial levels” while
“pursuing efforts” towards the more ambitious limit
of 1.5ºC. It aims to do so by ending the fossil fuel
era in the second half of the century by shifting the
world economy to cleaner energies such as wind and
solar power.
 MALTAS CONTRIBUTION TO
GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL
 Asked to what extent Malta could contribute
towards this global aim, Maria Attard, director of
the Institute for Climate Change and Sustainable
Development at the University of Malta, said:
“Malta can do a lot towards mitigating climate
change by being a leader, as it was after all,
historically in global discussions on climate
change
 MALTAS CONTRIBUTION TO
GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL
 She says that Malta’s biggest challenge as
an island remains transport, which still
contributes a very large share of the
island’s greenhouse gas emissions and
continues to increase rather than decrease.
 MALTAS CONTRIBUTION TO
GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL
 Sheadded that besides the transport
sector, long-term strategies and well-
thought-out plans identifying specific
measures, their cost and timing are
needed for various other sectors such as
energy, agriculture, industry and land
cover.
 MALTAS CONTRIBUTION TO
GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL
Many scientists believe the Paris
agreement’s 1.5 ºC limit is already slipping
out of reach due to insufficient action by
governments to cut emissions. If this is the
case, what actions does Malta need to take
to prepare for, and adapt to, warmer climate
in future? A lot according to Prof. Attard.
 MALTAS CONTRIBUTION TO
GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL

 “There is an urgent need to update Malta’s

adaptation strategy. We are very aware of the
effects climate change will have on our islands, but
very little has been done in terms of subject-
specific studies to estimate the extent of impact, its
cost (to the economy), the risks associated with a
do-nothing scenario and the potential adaptation
required to adapt to, for example, raising
temperatures.”
Climate change is expected to impact Malta in
several ways:
 Water supply: 
This may be reduced
due to drought and less
water reaching the
water table due to flash
flooding and storms –
more water will be lost
to sea.
Climate change is expected to impact Malta in
several ways:
 Human health:
 Higher temperatures
and deteriorating water
and food resources may
adversely affect human
health, especially that of
the elderly and
vulnerable populations
Climate change is expected to impact Malta in
several ways:
 Tourism: 
Very high temperatures and
negative changes to Malta’s
coastline and natural
landscape may make the
islands less attractive,
leading to fewer tourist
arrivals and a negative
knock-on economic impact.
Climate change is expected to impact Malta in
several ways:
 Agriculture and
fisheries: 
Productivity in these
sectors may suffer due
to drought, higher sea
water temperatures and
introduction of new
species.
Climate change is expected to impact Malta in
several ways:
 Biodiversity: 

Vulnerable native
species of animals
and plants may
become extinct or
endangered.
Climate change is expected to impact Malta in
several ways:
 Urban environments and
transport infrastructures: 
To remain sustainable, buildings
will have to adapt to ensure
people can still live comfortably
in them.
Transport infrastructures will
also need to withstand longer
hours of sun and more flooding
episodes.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
GODBLESS! 
PREPARED BY:
ACOSTA, BREZEL
BARCINAL, RAMON NINO
BOONE, PEARL ANGELIKA