Topic:- Environmental

Chemistry

made by :- karan lachhwani

Class :- 11th science gseb
Green Chemistry

Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes

that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous
substances. Green chemistry applies across the life cycle of a
chemical product, including its design, manufacture, use, and
ultimate disposal.
Importance of Green Chemistry

Green chemistry is important because it aims to lower the carbon footprint and
hazardous byproducts of industrial chemical processes, while still providing a
cost-effective means of chemical manufacturing.
Green chemistry is both a specialised scientific field within chemistry/chemical
engineering and a philosophy with specific core principles and goals. Also known
as sustainable chemistry, it’s primarily concerned with reducing the hazardous
byproducts of chemical processes on an industrial scale.
 Although related to environmental chemistry, green chemistry focuses more
specifically on the environmental impact of chemistry and how to reduce it.
Environmental chemistry, on the other hand, concentrates on the study of
synthetic chemical pollutants in the environment.
It’s Applications

Green chemistry widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical,

paper, polymer, clothes and colour industry. It plays a key role in
different energy science, and the manufacture of innovative
technique to make solar cells, fuel cells, and batteries for storing
energy. In nanoscience and technology, green chemistry also highly
used. Since main goal of green chemistry is to minimize or
eliminate waste in the chemical industry, it has inspired the creation
of many green “next generation” catalysts.
Greenhouse effect

 The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to

Earth’s surface by “greenhouse gases.” These heat-trapping gases can
be thought of as a blanket wrapped around Earth, keeping the planet
toastier than it would be without them.

 Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides,

and water vapor. (Water vapor, which responds physically or
chemically to changes in temperature, is called a “feedback.”)
Scientists have determined that carbon dioxide’s warming effect
helps stabilize Earth’s atmosphere. Remove carbon dioxide, and the
terrestrial greenhouse effect would collapse. Without carbon dioxide,
Earth’s surface would be some 33°C (59°F) cooler.
Causes

The most prominent among this is the burning of fossil fuels. Our industries,
vehicles, factories, etc are overly reliant on fossil fuels for their energy and
power. This has caused an immense increase in emissions of harmful
greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfides, etc.
This has multiplied the greenhouse effect and we have seen a steady rise in
surface temperatures

Other harmful activities such as deforestation, excessive urbanization,

harmful agricultural practices, etc. have also led to the release of excess
carbon dioxide and made the greenhouse effect more prominent. Another
harmful element that causes harm to the environment is CFC
(chlorofluorocarbon)
Global Warmimg

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and

weather patterns. These shifts may be natural, but since the 1800s,
human activities have been the main driver of climate change,
primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and gas),
which produces heat-trapping gases.
 Ozone Layer Depletion

Ozone is basically an allotrope of oxygen, which has three atoms of

oxygen.
Ozone is found in two layers of the atmosphere, in the troposphere –
bad ozone and in the stratosphere – good ozone.
The ozone layer, in the stratosphere, protects the earth from the
harmful radiations of the sun It is very important and critical to the
existence of life forms on Earth.
 Pollutants like CFC’s, oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons cause
the depletion of ozone layer This phenomenon of gradual
depletion of the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere, is
termed as ozone layer depletion.
Acid Rain

 Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes

any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as
sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the
atmosphere in wet or dry forms. This can include rain, snow,
fog, hail or even dust that is acidic.
 Source:-
Power plants release the majority of sulfur dioxide and much of
the nitrogen oxides when they burn fossil fuels, such as coal, to
produce electricity. In addition, the exhaust from cars, trucks,
and buses releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air
Water Pollution

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or

microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or
other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to
humans or the environment.

This widespread problem of water pollution is jeopardizing our health.

Unsafe water kills more people each year than war and all other forms of
violence combined. Meanwhile, our drinkable water sources are finite:
Less than 1 percent of the earth’s freshwater is actually accessible to us.
Without action, the challenges will only increase by 2050, when global
demand for freshwater is expected to be one-third greater than it is now.