Unit 3 - MICRO AND MEMO MOTION STUDY: Charts to record moment at work

place

principles of motion economy, classification of moments two handed process chart,

SIMO chart, and micro motion study. Development, definition and installation of the

improved method, brief concept about synthetic motion studies.

What is motion study?
• It is used to record and critically analyze the
existing operations/activities with the use of
motion pictures, videotapes, etc.,
• To improve the operations/activities.
Micro-Motion Study
• It helps in making detailed and accurate analysis of the current
technique
• Study the activities of the machine and the operator
• Technique of recording and analyzing the timing of basic elements of
an operation
• Consists of taking motion pictures of the operation with a clock in the
picture (or with a video camera running at a known speed)
Micro-Motion Study: Advantages
• Provides permanent record of motion study on film
• Provides very accurate time for each operation or motion in
comparison to stop watch time study
• Large number of operators can see the procedure at any time even
after the completion of motion study work
• These studies can easily reveal the difference between the present
and the proposed technique
• Films can be demonstrated to large work force at any desired speed
(fast/slow)
Micro-Motion
• The speed of the camera used range from 960 to 1000 frames per
minute. But faster cameras may be used to study very fast hand
motions or complex operations
• Micro-motion study should be used when it is economical to do so,
for example,
• Short cycle/highly repetitive operations
• Large volume productions
• Operations performed by a large number of workers
Memo motion study
• Memo motion study is a form of time-lapse
photography which records activity by the use of cine
camera adapted to take picture at longer intervals
than normal.
Memo-motion Study
• In memo-motion study, the camera speed is at 60 to 100 frames per
minute
• It is a form of time lapsed cine photography
• Time interval lies between ½ sec to 4 sec
• 10 or 20 minutes may be compressed into 1 minute
Fundamental Hand Motions
• Gilberth observed that most work done by two hands consists of few
fundamental motions
• Each one of them is called as THERBLIG (name of GILBERTH, read in
reverse order)
 • Gilbreth designed a set of rules to
develop better methods of doing a
Principles job

of Motion
• Better methods - consume minimum
time and energy in performing limb
motions to complete the task
Economy • The rules presented by Gilbreth were
rearranged and amplified by Barnes,
Lowry, Maynard and others
 1.Rules concerning human body
1. Both hands should be used for productive work.
2. Both the hands should start and finish their motions at the same time
3. Except for the rest period, the two hands should not be idle at one time
4. Motions of hands or arms should be symmetrical, simultaneous and opposite
5. Motions should be simple and involve minimum number of limbs. The purpose is to perform the work in the shortest
duration of time and with minimum fatigue.
6. It is desirable for a worker to employ momentum to assist himself where the same momentum is not to be overcome
or conquered by his own muscular efforts
7. Motions should be smooth and continuous, they should not involve frequent stops and sharp directional changes
8. A worker may use mechanical aids to assist him to overcome muscular effort
9. Work movements should be rhythmical and automatic
 2.Rules concerning work place layout and
material handling
1. There should be a definite, fixed and easily accessible location for materials and tools.
2. Materials, tools and other mechanical devices should be kept close to the work place.
3. Gravity shall be employed for delivering materials at the work place.
4. Final product should be dropped on a conveyor near the workplace, so that gravity delivers
the job at the required place
5. Hands should not be employed for non-productive work.
6. Tools and materials should be located in the order in which they will be required for use. It
reduces mental strain of the operator and the process becomes mechanical.
7. Good illumination is necessary for proper visibility, fast operation and reducing accidents
8. The operator may sit or stand while working to impart rest to some of his limbs. This
requires a relationship between the chair height and the height of the work place.
9. To reduce fatigue, the seating arrangement of the worker should be comfortable and
adjustable.
10. All heavy parts should be lifted by mechanical devices.
3.Rules concerning Tools and equipment design

1. Jigs, fixtures and foot operated devices should be employed to reduce the workload
on the hands.
2. Wherever possible, use tools that can perform more than one operation.
3. Tools and materials should be placed near the workplace. It saves time wasted in
searching.
4. There should be maximum surface contact(handle) between the tool and the hand.
It helps proper application of hand force and reduces fatigue.
5. When the work is carried out by fingers(typing), the load distribution to each finger
has to be as per the capacity of each finger.
Two Handed Process Chart
• Two-Handed Flow Process Chart, is a motion study where the study is
done to analyse the motions used by the worker in performing an
activity.
• In this chart the activities of a worker’s hands (or limbs) are recorded
in their relationship to one another.
Right Hand, Left Hand Chart
• Used for jobs such as assembly, machining, clerical job etc.,
• Operation: Represents the activities grasp, position, use, release etc.,
of a tool, component or material
• Transport: Represents the movement of the hands or limbs to or
from the work or a tool or material
• Delay: Refers to the time when the hand or limb is idle
• Storage: also termed as ‘hold’ refers to the time when the work is
held by hand
• Inspection: Inspection by hand
Guidelines for preparing Two-Handed
process chart
• 1. Provide all information about the job in the chart
• 2. Study the operation cycle a few times before starting to record
• 3. Record one hand at a time
• 4. First record the activities of the hand which starts the work first
• 5. Do not combine the different activities like operation, transport
etc.,
Example – Assembling Nut, Washer & Bolt
Drawing Graph in graph paper
SIMO chart
• Simultaneous motion cycle chart (SIMO chart) is a recording
technique for micro-motion study. A SIMO chart is a chart based on
the film analysis, used to record simultaneously on a common time
scale the Therbligs or a group of Therbligs performed by different
parts of the body of one or more operators.
SIMO (Simultaneous-Motion Cycle) Chart
 "SIMO" is the graph of the simultaneous movement cycle.
 It is one of Gilbreth's micro motion study
 it provides the separable measures of each relevant operator's
limb under research graphically
 It is a very comprehensive graph of left and right procedure
 The SIMO Chart is the micro-motion form of the man type flow
process chart
It simultaneously records the different therbligs performed on a
common time scale by different parts of the body
 The motions are registered in "Winks" (1wink= 1/2000 minute)
against moment measured
 These are registered by a "Wink Counter" placed in such a place
that during the filming process it can be seen swinging