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CS362-DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

SPRING 2023

z-Transform

Dr. Shahab Ansari


Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
z-TRANSFORM

• z-transform is another complex transformation for the analysis of signals and


LTI systems
• z-transform is the counterpart of Laplace transform in discrete domain
• z-transform main features are:
• Convolution of signal with an LTI system in time domain becomes multiplication of
their transformation
• Characterization of LTI systems by pole-zero locations
Formula

• z-transform

• z-transform is an infinite power series, it exists only for those values of z for
which this series converges
• The set of all values of z for which X(z) attains a finite value is called region of
convergence (ROC)
Examples

• Examples
More Examples

• Examples
Finite Duration and ROC

• From examples it is seen that the ROC of finite-duration signal is the entire z-
plane, except possibly the points z = 0 and/or z = infinity
• These points are excluded, because becomes unbounded for z = infinity and
becomes unbounded for z = 0
Infinite Duration

• Example (closed form representation of infinite signal)


Causal Sequence

• Example (z-transform of a causal signal)


Anti-Causal Sequence

• Example (z-transform of an anticausal signal)


Mixed Sequence

• Example (z-transform of a causal and anticausal signal)


PROPERTIES OF Z-TRANSFORM

• Linearity:

• Example: Determine z-transform of the following sequences:


PROPERTIES OF Z-TRANSFORM

• Time shifting:

• Example: Determine z-transform of the following sequences:


PROPERTIES OF Z-TRANSFORM

• Time shifting:

• Example: Determine z-transform of the following sequences:


PROPERTIES OF Z-TRANSFORM

• Scaling in z-domain

• Determine the z-transform of the following sequence:


PROPERTIES OF Z-TRANSFORM

• Time reversal

• Determine the z-transform of the following sequence:


PROPERTIES OF Z-TRANSFORM

• Differentiation in z-domain

• Determine the z-transform of the following sequence:


PROPERTIES OF Z-TRANSFORM

• Convolution theorem

• Compute the convolution of the following sequences:

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