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The In the year 27 BC, the first Pantheon was built by Marco Vipsanio
Agrippa, General of Emperor Caesar Augustus in the first century
Pantheon before Christ. It was destroyed by a fire in the year 80.
Approximately at the end of the year 118, Hadrian was ordered to
build a new temple in the name of Agrippa, on the site of the temple
-Apolodoro de Damasco that was destroyed by the fire.
The project was commissioned to the great architect, Apolodoro de
Damasco. He built a circular temple dedicated to all the gods of Rome.
In the year 608, the emperor Foca of the East donated the temple to
Pope Bonifacio IV, who transformed it into a Catholic church dedicated
to the Virgin Mary.
It was the first instance of a Pagan temple being converted into a
Catholic one.
SITE AND
Architect : Apolodoro de Damasco. exteriors
Location : Rome, Italy next to the site SURROUNDINGS
of the ancient Agrippa thermal baths,
of which remains still emerge in the
excavations of the ground at the rear
of the temple.
Built in : 118 - 125
CONCEPT
The proportions and structure of the
Pantheon are representative of this FRONT ELEVATION
Roman religious conception. next to the site of the ancient Agrippa
The circular hall was a perfect thermal baths, of which remains still emerge in
sphere, representing the the excavations of the ground at the rear of
cosmogonic conception of Aristotle. the temple.
In today’s time this historic building is
On one side, the intralunar world is
surrounded by commercial building
represented by the lower half of the
building. PLAN
The supralunar world, the The measurements of the circular floorplan
celestial sphere, is shown in the are such that if the dome continued its circular
rounded space, in which the central trajectory to complete a sphere, it would fit
oculus represents the sun. exactly inside the temple and we would have
the celestial globe resting on the floor, as the
height of the interior space of the dome is also
43.2 metres.
The Corianthian octastyle portico 33.53
ARIAL VIEW
wide and 18.29 deep in the centre, which
forms the entrance to the temple. From above, the Pantheon’s 19
The Rotunda is circular with internal foot oculus, the hole at he top of the
diameter as well as height of 43.43m and rests dome, is an obvious opening to the
on a circular foundation of 4.5 m deep. elements.
The thickness of wall of the circular drum is The pediment with the portico
about 6m. below it can also be seen