ZEB and its application (Recent advancement in BIPV product

technologies)
Suleman Khan
(MS Student at SITL)
Department Of Smart Cities, CAU
Contents
• Introduction.
• What is zero energy building.
• Why zero energy building.
• How to adopt zero energy.
• Advantage & Disadvantage.
• Green building vs zero energy building.
• Recent advancement in BIPV product technologies.
Introduction
• Buildings have a significant impact on energy use and the environment. Commercial and residential buildings
use almost 40% of the primary energy and approximately 70% of the electricity in the United States .
• ZEB is not a single product or technology; but rather a combination of closely-integrated evolving technologies.
What is zero energy building
• A zero-energy building is a building with zero net energy consumption.
• The total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount of energy
generated on the site through renewable sources.
• These buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE
buildings.
A site ZEB produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year, when accounted
Net Zero Site Energy
for at the site.

A source ZEB produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year, when

accounted for at the source. Source energy refers to the primary energy used to
Net Zero Source Energy generate and deliver the energy to the site. To calculate a building’s total source
energy, imported and exported energy is multiplied by the appropriate site-to-
source conversion multipliers.

Net Zero Energy Costs In a cost ZEB, the amount of money the utility pays the building owner for the
energy the building exports to the grid is at least equal to the amount the owner
pays the utility for the energy services and energy used over the year.

A net-zero emissions building produces at least as much emissions-free renewable

Net Zero Energy Emissions
energy as it uses from emissions-producing energy sources.
What is zero energy building
Main Definitions of ZEBs

Zero Energy: With Zero Carbon: With Zero Exergy: With Zero Cost: With
the energy the environmental the energy quality the energy cost
quantity approach approach approach approach

Off-Grid On-Grid

Nearly-Zero Net-Zero Plus

Autonomous
Energy Energy Energy
Why zero energy building
Why?

• To overcome energy crisis.

• Reduces Energy Consumption.
• Reduces Green House Gases (Carbon Emissions) & Global Warming.
• Reduces Dependence on Fossil Fuels.
• Protects Our Environment for Future Generations.
How to adopt zero energy
How zero energy can be achieved?
• Site selection & Orientation
• Reduce Heating, Cooling, and Lighting Loads through Climate Responsive Design and Conservation Practices.
• Employ Renewable or High Efficiency Energy Sources.

Site selection & Orientation

Orientation, layout and location on site will all influence the amount of sun a building receives and therefore its year-
round temperatures and comfort.
• be flat or north-sloping.
• be free of obstructions to the north (and be unlikely to be built out in future).
• be able to accommodate a building with a relatively large north-facing wall or walls for maximum solar gain (as well
as north-facing outdoor areas if those are wanted).
Advantage & Disadvantage

Advantage Disadvantage

• Isolation for building owners from future energy price
increases.
• Increased comfort due to more-uniform interior
temperatures
• Reduced requirement for energy.
• Reduced Total cost of ownership due to improved energy
efficiency .
• Reduced total net monthly cost of living.
• Minimized extra cost.
• Initial costs can be higher.
• Lack of skills or experience to build ZEBs.
• ZEB may not reduce the required power plant capacity.
• Solar energy capture using the house envelope only works
in locations unobstructed from the sun.
• Without an optimized thermal envelope, the embodied
energy, heating and cooling energy and resource usage is
higher than needed.
Green building vs zero energy building
• The goal of green building and sustainable architecture is to use resources more efficiently and reduce a
building's negative impact on the environment.
• Zero energy buildings achieve one key green-building goal of completely or very significantly reducing energy use
and greenhouse gas emissions for the life of the building.
• Zero energy buildings may or may not be considered "green" in all areas, such as reducing waste, using recycled
building materials etc.
Recent advancement in BIPV product technologies
• Solar photovoltaic installations can be installed on the building skin allowing the possibility to combine electricity generation with
other functions of the building materials.
• Following the advantages of building integration, more and more countries have set targets for using solar PV in building sector since
PV integration in building facades represents a significant progress in urban solar PV applications.
• The solar PV system not only save conventional energy use, but also offsets the peak electricity generation from coal and oil and the
emissions from diesel generators.
• Solar PV technology is one of the elegant technologies available for the efficient use of solar power.
• In future scope for solar photovoltaic application, there are four major factors must be considered viz. increase of efficiency, BIPV
applications, cost reduction and storage system.
BIPV Market
Recent advancement in BIPV product technologies
International standards and tests for PV and BIPV module/products
Recent advancement in BIPV product technologies
BIPV product: new technologies
Recent advancement in BIPV product technologies
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of BIPV product

Sustainability of BIPV has been examined by many scientists using life cycle analysis. International organization of
standardization has set guidelines and rules for LCA [35,37], which are published by International Energy Agency.
These guidelines and rules are:

• Technical specifications and characteristics of BIPV systems.

• Modeling approaches for BIPV system life cycle cost assessment and Reporting and communicating life cycle cost
assessment results.
Recent advancement in BIPV product technologies
Research opportunities in future

Many BIPV products can achieve better efficiency with new materials and advancement. The new developments in the
field of BIPV are:
(i) Low cost organic based BIPV modules.
(ii) Implementation of light absorbing organic solar BIPV cells.
(iii) Inorganic flexible thin film BIPV cells etc.

Organic based solar BIPV cells have a bright future as commercial gadgets and are to be utilized as a part of different
building envelope. About innovation, Dye sensitized cells (DSC) are considered as specialized option over present-day
photovoltaic system. This innovation may achieve a great impact in the future as energy payback time and GHG
emission rate would be significantly reduced.
THANK YOU!!