Hydraulic Actuators

☞ HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
☞ HYDRAULIC MOTORS
 Introduction
One of the outstanding features of fluid power
systems is that force generated by the power
supply, controlled and directed by suitable
valving, and transported by lines, can be
converted with ease to almost any kind of
mechanical motion desired at the very place it
is needed.
An actuator is a device that converts fluid
power into mechanical force and motion.
 Types of actuators
Linear Hydraulic Actuators (Hydraulic
Cylinders)
Rotary Actuators (hydraulic motors)
Gear motor
Vane motor
 Hydraulic CYLINDERS
 A hydraulic cylinder is a device that converts
fluid power to linear, or straight line, force and
motion.
Piston Piston Rod
Seal

Extension

Retraction

Barrel

Port Push Action Oil to extend

Return by External Force Graphic Symbol
 Single Acting Hydraulic Cylinders
Push Action Oil to extend, Spring for Pull Action Oil to retract, Spring to
return extend
Double Acting Hydraulic Cylinders

Piston Seal Piston Rod

Extension

Retraction

Rod Seal
Barrel

Port A Port B

Oil to extend. Oil for Return

Graphic Symbol
Double Ended Piston Rod Double Acting Cylinder

Piston Seal Piston Rod

Rod Seal Rod Seal

Barrel

Port A Port B

Oil to extend. Oil for Return

Graphic Symbol
 Cylinder Mounting Methods

Front Flange
Rear Flange Clevis (Rear Pivot)

Foot Bracket
Side Lug Intermediate Trunnion
Mechanical linkages
Cylinder Force, Velocity and Power

Piston Rod
 Extension Stroke
Fext  p  Ab
vext  Qin Ab
P  Fext  vext  p  Qin
 Retraction Stroke Port Port

Fret  p  Ab  Ar 
vret  Qin Ab  Ar 
P  vret  Fret  p  Qin
Ab
Ar
Hydraulic cylinders (Symbols)
Cont…
Rotary Actuators (hydraulic motors)

A hydraulic motor is a device that converts

fluid power energy/pressure energy to rotary
motion and force.
The function of a hydraulic motor is opposite to
that of a pump.
However, the design and operation of fluid
power motors are very similar to pumps.
Hydraulic Motors

Hydraulic motors
extract energy
from a fluid and
convert it to
mechanical
energy to perform
useful work.
Limited rotation
type
Continuous
rotation type
 Gear type hydraulic motor
A gear motor develops torque
due to hydraulic pressure acting on
the surfaces of the gear teeth.
The direction of rotation of the
motor can be reversed by reversing
the direction of flow.

As fluid under pressure enters chamber A, it takes the path of

least resistance and flows around the inside surface of the housing,
forcing the gears to rotate as indicated.
The flow continues through the outlet port to the return.
This rotary motion of the gears is transmitted through the
attached shaft to the work unit.
Vane type hydraulic motor

 Vane motors develop

torque by the hydraulic
pressure acting on the
exposed surfaces of the
vanes, which slide in and
out of the rotor connected
to the drive shaft.
As the rotor revolves, the
vanes follow the surface of
the cam ring b/se springs
are used to force the vanes
radially outward.
Rotary actuator symbols
Cntd….
YOU!!!

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