THE PROBLEM

AND ITS
BACKGROUND
 CHAPTER 1 AND ITS BACKGROUND

Chapter 1 heading is CAPITALIZED.

- Introduction
- Conceptual Framework
- Statement of the Problem
- Hypothesis of the study
- Scope, Limitation and Delimitation
- Significance of the study
- Definition of terms
Introduction

Primary Goal: Catch the attention of

the readers.
It sets the stage for the paper and
puts your topic in perspective.
Contains general statements about
the need for the study.
Includes legal bases
What to cite in this section?

Presentation of the problem situation

Existence of unsatisfactory condition
Legal bases
Rationale of the study
Research locale
Link between introduction and
statement of the problem
Guidelines in Writing
Introduction
1. Describe the problem situation
by considering global, national, and
local situation and using the
deductive line of reasoning, from
macro perspective to micro
perspective.
2. Justify the existence
of the problem situation
by citing statistical
data and authoritative
sources as bases to
support the problem
3. Indicate what is wrong
in the present system and
explain the desire to
discover ways of
enriching and improving
something, thus the
conduct of the study.
4. Cite motives and
justification in the conduct
of the study thus, a
clinching statement is
made to relate the
background of the study
to the research problem.
5. Maintain an objective
tone throughout the
paper. Keep in mind that a
research paper is a formal
exposition of a research
problem, not a forum for
personal opinion.
6. Present the
introduction in three to
five pages using third
person point of view.
Statement of the Problem
 Scope, Limitation and
Delimitation of the Study

Coverage of the study (Scope)

Weaknesses and shortcomings
(limitation)
Variables excluded (delimitation)
Significance
of the Study
Significance of the study
This section provides the practical
values that the study has specifically
pointing out to whom the study will
be most useful and why the study
would be useful to them.
Definition
of Terms
 Definition of Terms

 Terms can be found in the

research title, statement of the
problem, hypothesis, research
paradigm and some other parts of
the study.
 Definition of Terms
A term may be defined:
 Lexically(Dictionary)
 Authoritatively (published and
unpublished materials)
 Operationally (as used in the
study)
Guidelines in Defining Terms

1. Use introductory
sentence/paragraph before defining
the terms.
2. Arrange the terms alphabetically.
3. Indent and follow each terms to be
defined by underlining them.
4. Emphasize the terms to be defined by
underlining them.
5. Do not number the terms being
defined.
6. Capitalized only the first letter of each
term.
7. In case both lexical and operational
definitions will be used, write the lexical
followed by operational meanings.