After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the different properties of gases;

2. explain the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases; and
3. investigate the relationship between: (S10MT-IVa-b-21)
a. volume and pressure at a constant temperature of a gas;
b. volume and temperature at a constant pressure of a gas; and
c. explain the relationship of volume, pressure, and temperature
using the kinetic molecular theory.
Three states of matter, namely
1. solids,
2. liquids, and
3. gases.

All states of matter differ in their properties based on

the arrangement of their particles. Solid particles are tightly
packed, usually in a regular pattern, liquid particles are close
together with no regular arrangement, while gas particles are
well separated with no regular arrangement.
FACT or BLUFF?
 FACT or BLUFF?

1. Gases have low densities.

 FACT or BLUFF?

1. Gases have low densities.

2. Water vapor is a mixture of gas.

 FACT or BLUFF?

1. Gases have low densities.

2. Water vapor is a mixture of gas.

7. The higher the temperature of a gas, the

slower its particles are moving.
 FACT or BLUFF?

1. Gases have low densities.

2. Water vapor is a mixture of gas.

7. The higher the temperature of a gas, the

slower its particles are moving.

4. Gases expand when more pressure is applied.

 FACT or BLUFF?

1. Gases have low densities.

2. Water vapor is a mixture of gas.

7. The higher the temperature of a gas, the

slower its particles are moving.

4. Gases expand when more pressure is applied.

10. Gases are so compressible because they consist
mostly of empty space between
particles.
Properties of Gases

Gas is the state of matter that has

particles that are freely moving
and are
far from each other, which makes
them highly compressible.
Properties of Gases

Gas is the state of matter that has particles that

are freely moving and are
far from each other, which makes them highly
compressible.

Gases have important fundamental properties

that are measurable such as volume, pressure,
temperature, and the amount of the gas or the
number of moles.
Volume

Volume, which is one of the measurable properties of gas, is

denoted by the symbol V. It is the amount of space occupied by a
gas sample. Its SI unit is in liters (L). It can also be expressed in
millilitres (mL), cubic centimeter (cm3), cubic meter
(m3), and cubic decimeter (dm3).
Volume

Volume, which is one of the measurable properties of gas, is

denoted by the symbol V. It is the amount of space occupied by a
gas sample. Its SI unit is in liters (L). It can also be expressed in
millilitres (mL), cubic centimeter (cm3), cubic meter
(m3), and cubic decimeter (dm3).
Pressure
Pressure is the next important measurable property of the gas,
which is denoted by the symbol P. Pressure of the gas is the force
exerted by the gas per unit area. In equation:

Pressure (P) = force (F) / area (A)

Pressure
Pressure is the next important measurable property of the gas,
which is denoted by the symbol P. Pressure of the gas is the force
exerted by the gas per unit area. In equation:

Pressure (P) = force (F) / area (A)

The SI unit used for pressure is pascal (Pa),

named after Blaise Pascal. This unit is
equivalent to force of 1 newton, acting on 1
square meter.
 Pressure
Pressure is the next important measurable property of the gas,
which is denoted by the symbol P. Pressure of the gas is the force
exerted by the gas per unit area. In equation:

Pressure (P) = force (F) / area (A)

The SI unit used for pressure is pascal (Pa),

named after Blaise Pascal. This unit is equivalent
to force of 1 newton, acting on 1 square meter.
 Pressure
Pressure is the next important measurable property of the gas,
which is denoted by the symbol P. Pressure of the gas is the force
exerted by the gas per unit area. In equation:

Pressure (P) = force (F) / area (A)

Other units of pressure are atmosphere (atm), millimetre of mercury

(mmHg). Torr, bar, kilopascal (kPa), and pounds per square inch (psi).
Temperature
The temperature is denoted by the letter T. The temperature of a
gas depends on its kinetic energy. Gases expand when the
temperature is increased. The temperature of gas is expressed in
Fahrenheit (oF), Centigrade or Celsius (oC), and Kelvin (K).
 Temperature
The temperature is denoted by the letter T. The temperature of a
gas depends on its kinetic energy. Gases expand when the
temperature is increased. The temperature of gas is expressed in
Fahrenheit (oF), Centigrade or Celsius (oC), and Kelvin (K).

Though we often use the Celsius degree when dealing with

temperature involving gases, we always express it in Kelvin
temperature. The unit Kelvin was named after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish
physicist who has identified the lowest attainable temperature known
as absolute zero with a value of -273oC, hence, the Kelvin temperature
scale.
Temperature

Though we often use the Celsius degree when dealing with

temperature involving gases, we always express it in Kelvin
temperature. The unit Kelvin was named after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish
physicist who has identified the lowest attainable temperature known
as absolute zero with a value of -273oC, hence, the Kelvin temperature
scale.
Temperature
Amount or Number of Moles
The amount of gas (or mass) is another
measurable property of gas. The mass of the gas
is related to its number of moles and is
generally expressed in kilogram (kg) or gram (g).
 Amount or Number of Moles
The amount of gas (or mass) is another
measurable property of gas. The mass of the gas
is related to its number of moles and is
generally expressed in kilogram (kg) or gram (g).

Number of moles = mass of the gas/molar mass of the gas

In symbols, n = m /M
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
The properties of gases can be explained in
terms of their molecular motion. The ideas
about molecular motion were developed into
the kinetic molecular theory by Rudolf Clausius,
James Maxwell, and Ludwig Boltzman. The
kinetic molecular theory of gases is a model that
could help us understand the behavior of gases.
Its postulates are the following:
 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Its postulates are the following:

1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are in

constant, random, and straight-line motion.
 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Its postulates are the following:

1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are in

constant, random, and straight-line motion.
2. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger
than their size. The attractive forces between particles are
negligible, and the particles act independently of one another.
 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Its postulates are the following:

1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are in

constant, random, and straight-line motion.
2. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger
than their size. The attractive forces between particles are
negligible, and the particles act independently of one another.
3. The gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of
the container in a perfectly elastic manner. After each collision, the
total energy of the system is the same.
 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Its postulates are the following:

1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are in

constant, random, and straight-line motion.
2. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger
than their size. The attractive forces between particles are
negligible, and the particles act independently of one another.
3. The gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of
the container in a perfectly elastic manner. After each collision, the
total energy of the system is the same.
4. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is proportional to
the absolute (kelvin) temperature. As the temperature increases,
the gas particles move faster.
GOD BLESS !