TOURISM PLANNING

APPROACH
 TOURISM PLANNING
APPROACH

 BUREAUCRATIC-/GOVERNMENT-LED APPROACH

 MIDDLE PATH APPROACH

 ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH
 BUREAUCRATIC-/
GOVERNMENT-LED APPROACH

This approach puts the government as the central force in

tourism planning and development. Several types of policy
instruments that can be used in this approach are the following:

•Advocacy – This refers to strategic plans, accreditation

schemes, investment schemes, etc.

•Monetary – This includes travel taxes, terminal fees,

income tax, etc.

•Government action – This may include infrastructure

development, marketing promotion, education, etc.

•Laws – This may include regulations for construction

projects, foreign investment regulations, etc.
 Two (2) types of
bureaucratic approach:
 Central planning approach – This approach
is where all functions in the tourism planning
process are carried out by national-level
departments and agencies. The state makes
the policies and controls everything in the
process.

 Developed planning approach – This is

where local government units assume control
of the entire tourism planning process within
their respective areas.
 MIDDLE PATH
APPROACH The opposite of the boosterist
approach as this focuses more on
low-volume, high-yield tourism

According to Scheyvens (2007)

the ‘middle path approach of
Bhutan where strict controls are
imposed on the types and volume
of tourism to maximize revenue
but minimize the adverse effects
of tourism religion, culture, and
the environment. To the
Bhutanese, « Gross National
Happines is more impotant that
plain material wealth.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
APPROACH

It uses the concept of carrying capacity in the tourism

planning process, which is defined as "the maximum
number of people that may visit a tourist destination at
the same time without causing destruction of the
physical, economic, and socio-cultural environment and
an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors
satisfaction"
 ENVIRONMENTAL
APPROACH

 Limit of Accepted Change

(LAC).
LAC sets a range for factors such
as social, ecological, physical,
The most notable dimension of carrying and economic that are acceptable.
capacity used in the tourism planning
process is the physical carrying capacity,
which is the maximum number of people that
can fit on a site at any given time and still
enables people to move (Cruz, 2014).
Carrying capacities may vary depending on
the area, the type of tourism that is being
developed, as well as tourist attitudes,
expectations, and behaviors.
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