Diversityof

Diversity of
Plant and
Animals
Animal Life
With an amazing
diversity of more than 2
million kinds of
organisms, there is a
need for
CLASSIFICATION.
Classification allows us to…
• group living organisms systematically
according to their common
characteristics;
• recognise relationships between
different living organisms; and
• have an easy reference in identifying
living organisms.
Organisms are classified into
FIVE KINGDOMS
Overview: Welcome to Your Kingdom
• Scientists have identified 1.3 million living
species of animals
 How do you define “animals”?
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic…via ingestion
• Cells do not have cell walls, but instead are
held together by collagen
 Kingdom Animalia

Invertebrates Vertebrates
(with no backbone) (with backbone)
• Without jointed • Fish
legs • Reptiles
• With jointed legs • Birds
• Amphibians
• Mammals
KEY CONCEPT
More than 95 percent of all animal species are
invertebrates.
 Invertebrates
• Animals without jointed legs
Sponges Stinging-cell Flatworms Roundworms
animals

• Large numbers • Sea animals with • Have flat, ribbon- • Have long,
of pores tentacles and like bodies cylindrical
present on stinging cells • Parasites bodies with
bodies pointed ends
• Many are
parasites
• E.g. sponges • E.g. jellyfish • E.g. tapeworms, • E.g. pinworms,
liverflukes ascaris
 Invertebrates
• Animals without jointed legs
Segmented Molluscs Spiny-skinned
worms (shelled animals) animals

• Bodies are divided • Soft bodies may be • Bodies are radially

into segments or covered by a shell symmetrical with five-part
parts • Use muscular body design
• Found in a variety movement • Found only in oceans
of environments • Move with tube feet

• E.g. earthworms, • E.g. snails, • E.g. starfish, basket stars

leeches octopuses
 Invertebrates
• ) Animals with jointed legs (Arthropods)
With 3 pairs of With four pairs of With more than
legs (insects) legs (arachnids) four pairs of legs

• Bodies are divided into segments or parts

• Bodies are covered with a exoskeleton (a hard substance that keeps the shape of
the animals)
• E.g. butterflies, • E.g. spiders, scorpions, • E.g. millipedes,
beetles, termites, mites, ticks centipedes, prawns,
houseflies crabs
 Vertebrates
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

• Cold-blooded • Cold-blooded • Cold-blooded • Warm-blooded • Warm-blooded

• Bodies are often • Bodies are • Bodies are covered • Have beaks and • Bodies are
covered by covered by moist with dry skin, and feathers covered with hair
scales skin with no covered with horny • Have wings but not • Breathe through
• Breathe using scales scales all can fly lungs
gills • Breathe through • Breathe through • Breathe through • Most give birth to
• Live in fresh lungs lungs lungs live young
water or sea • Live partly on land • Live on land • Lay eggs with
water and in water shells
• E.g. groupers, • E.g. toads, • E.g. monitor lizards, • E.g. ducks, • E.g. human
sea dragons, salamanders, crocodiles, tortoises chickens, penguins beings, cats,
stingrays frogs chimpanzees
 Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates
• Vertebrates have an internal segmented backbone.
• Invertebrates do not have a backbone.
• Invertebrates encompass most animal groups.
• There are two types of body plan symmetry.

– bilateral symmetry: body divides equally along one plane

Animals with bilateral

symmetry can be
divided equally along
only one plane, which
splits an animal
into mirror-image
sides.
 • There are two types of body plan symmetry:
– radial symmetry: body arranged in circle around a central
axis.

Animals with radial symmetry

have body parts arranged in a
circle around a central axis.
 Miscellaneous
• http://www.101science.com/
Taxonomy.htm
• http://www.nbrcnparks.org/
• http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/