Animals

By : Enaya Majid
What we’ll discuss:

• Organisation of an Animal
• Animal Phylum
• Animal Kingdom
• Sub-divisions of Animals
[VERTEBRATES & INVERTEBRATES]
• Characteristics of Animals
 Animal Organisation:
Nerve cell
Animal cell:
• Nerve cell (carries messages)

• Red blood cell (it transports oxygen)

• Egg cell (it takes part in Red blood cells

reproduction)

Egg cell
 Animal Organisation:
Muscle tissue
Animal tissues:
• Muscle tissues (made up of muscles cells, they
contract to cause movements)

• Nerve tissue (made up of nerve cells and they

carry messages)
Connective tissue
• Connective tissue (connects or joins different
Nerve tissue
parts of the body)

• Epithelial tissue (made up of epithelial cells,

Epithelial tissue
found on the skin and lining of the cheek and
stomach, covers and protects structures
underneath)
 Animal Organisation:

Animal organs: Brain

• Lungs (enable gaseous exchange to take
between the body and the external
environment)

• Heart (pumps blood around the body)

• Brain (controls the activities of the body;

Heart
controls thoughts, memory and emotions;
receives information from sense organs and
transmits them to the muscles and other
organs) Lungs
Animals have 9 Phylum:

• Porifera
• Cnidaria
• Platyhelminthes
• Nematoda
• Annelida
• Chordata
• Echinodermata
• Mollusca
• Arthropoda
Animal Kingdom

Animals

Invertebrates Vertebrates

• Fish
With legs Without legs
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Crustaceans • Sponges • Annelids • Birds
• Centipedes • Cnidarians • Roundworms
• Mammals
• Millipedes • Echinoderms • Flatworms
• Arachnids • Insects • Molluscs
VERTEBRATES
ANIMALS WITH BACKBONE
 Vertebrates

1. Fish :
• They have gills for breathing
• Their fins , tails and streamlined bodies help them move in water
• They have scales on the skin for protection
• They are cold-blooded
• They live in water
• Most reproduce by laying eggs

Cold-blooded:
Shortfin Mako shark
The body temperature Yellow Damselfish
changes with the
surroundings
 Vertebrates

2. Amphibians
• Adults have lungs and moist skin to help them breathe on land
• The young have gills to help them breathe in water
• They are cold-blooded
• Most spend their adult lives on land and
return to the water to lay eggs

Salamander Toad
 Vertebrates

3. Reptiles
• They have lungs for breathing
• The have dry , scaly skin
• They are cold-blooded
• They lay eggs with leathery shells to prevent
the eggs from drying up

Yellow bellied sea snake Sea Turtle

 Vertebrates

4. Birds
• They have lungs for breathing
• They have beaks and wings but not all can fly
• They have feathers
• They are warm-blooded
• They lay eggs with hard shells

Hawk
Warm-blooded:
Emperor Penguin
The body maintains a
constant temperature
 Vertebrates

5. Mammals
• They have lungs for breathing
• Their bodies are covered with hair or fur
• Mothers feed their young with milk produced
from mammary glands
• They are warm-blooded
• They give birth to live young
(except monotremes such as the duck-billed platypus)

Blue whale (Marine Mammal) Cheetah

INVERTEBRATES Arthropods
ANIMALS WITH JOINTED LEGS
 Invertebrates (Arthropods)

1. Crustaceans :
• Their heads are not clearly defined
• They have two pairs of antennae
• Most have compound eyes
• Most have gills and live mainly in water

Hermit crabs
 Invertebrates (Arthropods)

2. Insects:
• They have three pairs of legs
• They have three body segments
• They have one pair of antennae
• Most have compound eyes
• Most Adults have wings

Praying Mantis
 Invertebrates (Arthropods)

3. Arachnids
• They have four pairs of legs
• They have simple eyes
• They do not have antennae or wings

Scorpion
 Invertebrates (Arthropods)

4. Centipedes:
• They have one pair of antennae
• Most have simple or no eyes
• They have many legs , with one pair on each
body segment
• They are mainly carnivorous

Centipede
 Invertebrates (Arthropods)

5. Millipedes :
• They have one pair of antennae
• They have simple or no eyes
• They have many legs , with two pairs on each body segment

Millipede
INVERTEBRATES
ANIMALS WITHOUT JOINTED LEGS
 Invertebrates

1. Sponges:
• They do not have true organs
• They have many tiny pores through which water enters
• They live in water

Sponge
 Invertebrates

2. Molluscs
• They have unsegmented bodies
• Their soft bodies that are usually protected by hard shells
• They have organs
• They have separate openings for mouth and anus

Mimic Octopus
 Invertebrates

3. Annelids (SEGMENTED WORMS)

• Their bodies are divided into many segments
• They have organs
• They have separate openings for mouth and anus

Earthworm
 Invertebrates

4. Cnidarians :
• They do not have true organs
• They attack their prey with tentacles
• They live in water

Syphonophore
 Invertebrates

5. Echinoderms
• They have spines or bumps on their skin
• They have five-way radical symmetry (five symmetrical arms or body segments about a central axis)
• They have organs but no heads
• They separate openings for mouth and anus
• They live in water

Starfish
 Invertebrates

6. Roundworms
• They have round , unsegmented bodies
• They have organs
• They separate openings for mouth and anus
• They live in water

Pinworm
 Invertebrates

7. Flatworms :
• They have flat , unsegmented bodies
• They have organs
• Food and waste enter and exit through the same
opening

Marine Flatworm
Thank you for listening!!!
AND I HOPE YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING