1.

2 Classification of Organisms
• Classification is the grouping of objects into sets
according to one or more common properties or
characteristics.
• Classification is also used in the scientific
naming of organisms.
• Scientific names of organisms enable scientists
around the world to know that they are
communicating about the same organisms.
• For example:
- human being (Homo sapiens)
- lion (Panthera leo)
Vertebrates Flowering Non Flowering

Mammal
Jointed legs
Monocotyledon
Fish

Bird
Without Dicotyledon
Jointed legs
Reptile

Amphibian
• Vertebrates – organisms with backbone
• Invertebrates – organisms without
backbone
 (a) Mammals
• Live on land ( except : whale, dolphin –
live in the sea)
• Warm blooded (homeothermic)
• Breathe through lungs
• Body covered with hair / fur
• Give birth to their young alive (except:
platypus – laying eggs )
• Young fed on milk produced
by their mother
 (b) Fish
• Live in water
• Cold-blooded
(poikilothermic)
• Breathe through gills
• Body covered with slimy
scales
• Have fins and tail
• Lay eggs
 (c) Bird
• Live on land
• Warm-blooded
• Breathe through lungs
• Body covered with
feathers
• Have beak and wings
• Lay eggs with shells
 (d) Reptiles
• Mostly live on land, some in
water.
• Cold blooded
• Breathe through lungs
• Body covered with dry scales
• Have two pairs of limbs
(except: snake)
• Lay eggs with shell
on land
 (e) Amphibian
• Live on both land and water
• Cold blooded
• Young amphibian breathe through
gills, adult amphibian breathe through
lungs and loose moist skin
• Body covered with soft and moist skin
• Have two pair of limbs
• Lay jelly-covered eggs without shells
in water
 Salamander
• Salamanders are amphibians that look like
a cross between a frog and a lizard. 
• Newts, mudpuppies, sirens and Congo
eels (amphiumas) are all species of
salamander.
 Invertebrates
• Nearly 97 percent of animal species are
invertebrates
• Invertebrate animals are those without a
cranium and defined vertebral column or
spine. In addition to lacking a spine, most
invertebrates also lack an endoskeleton.
Crab (Ketam)
Spider Invertebrates
Centipede
Millipede
butterfly
with jointed legs
 Invertebrates
Worm
Snail without jointed legs
Starfish
Sea anemone