Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Discoveries Support
the Creation Model
Dr. Fazale “Fuz” Rana
Reasons To Believe
1
Miller–Urey Experiment
2
Primordial Soup?
No evidence for
prebiotics
12
C and 13C content
of earliest deposits
indicate the
presence of life
3
Primordial Soup?
Earth’s early conditions
• Atmosphere:
carbon dioxide,
nitrogen and water
• Atmospheric
oxygen
• Oxygen/UV
paradox
4
Primordial Soup?
Earth’s early conditions
• Hydrospheric
oxygen, Hydrogen
peroxide,
Reactive oxygen
species
• Early volcanic
eruptions
5
Life Appears Rapidly
At least 3.8 billion
12
years ago C
enriched
• kerogen
• apatite
• graphite
6
Life Appears Rapidly
8
Life Appears Rapidly
Microfossils ~ 3.3 – 3.5
billion ya
• Resemble
cyanobacteria
• Show a variety of
forms
9
“Now, one of the most arresting facts I have ever
learned is that life goes back as far in Earth history
as we can possibly trace it….In other words, in the
very oldest rocks that stand a chance of showing
signs of life, we find those signs-those vestiges-of
life. Life is intrinsic to the earth!”
10
First Life Is Complex
• Complex
ecosystem
• Photosynthesis
• Methanogenesis
• Sulfate reduction
11
First Life Is Complex
Required Pathways
• Photosynthetic or
chemoautotrophic
• Self-replication
• Synthetic pathways
• Metabolic
pathways
12
“No one has publicly disagreed with my interpretation of
the Apex fossils. But privately, some would prefer I
were mistaken, since they (and I, too) would prefer a
simpler evolutionary story, one that told us these oldest
fossil organisms were capable only of primitive ways of
living and that advanced metabolic lifestyles evolved
much later. But the evidence seems strong, and what
one might “prefer” shouldn’t matter.”
14
Cambrian Explosion
15
Cambrian Explosion
• Loss of Phyla
16
Cambrian Explosion
Problems
• Evolution in the
Wrong Direction
• Decreasing Cone of
Disparity
17
Fossil Record
Features
• Absence of
Transitional
Intermediates
• Stasis
• Sudden Appearance
18
“…with the benefit of hindsight, I am amazed at how long we
accepted that gradual morphological change was the norm when
data to support this belief were so sparse and the discrepancy had
been known since Darwin’s time. Examples of gradual
evolutionary trends in the fossil record can be counted on our
fingers and we simply ignored countless examples that do not
show the expected pattern. Lack of morphological change was
equated with lack of data and the few examples of trends were with
the truth… the few known examples of gradual trends are no more
than random walks that just happen to be more or less linear.”
Christopher R.C. Paul in The Adequacy of the Fossil Record (John Wiley &
Sons, 1998)
19
20
21
Who were the Neanderthals?
22
Who were the Neanderthals?
23
Summary - Scientific Data
24
25
26
Who were the Neanderthals?
27
Physical Differences Between
Neanderthals and Humans
33
Neanderthal Development
• Craniodental development of
Neanderthals and humans differs from
before birth
34
Genetic Tests of Multiregional
Hypothesis
Study 1
• African and Asian and Oceanic peoples
originated from same population group
Study 2
• 90% of founding population must come
from Africa and this population must be
small
35
H. erectus Development
• H. erectus developed in a fashion
similar to great apes-not modern
humans
36
37
38
Molecular Anthropology
Compare DNA
Sequences of
Human Groups
• Similarities and
Differences
• Extent of Differences
39
Molecular Anthropology
Gives
• Date of Humanity’s
Origin
• Location of
Humanity’s Origin
40
Molecular Anthropology
Gives
• Original Population
Size
• Pattern for
Humanity’s Spread
41
Scientific Data
Genetic Evidence
• Diversity
• Mt DNA
• Y Chromosomal DNA
• Linkage Disequilibrium
42
Summary - Scientific Data
43
Summary - Scientific Data
44
Scientific Data
48
49
Scientific Predictions
for the Origin of Humans
Creation Model
50
Scientific Predictions
Sudden Appearance…
• Fossils
• Human Culture
• Spiritual Activity
51
Scientific Predictions
Recent Origin
52
53