SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY
1ST SEM AY 2023-2024
 Ms. Jennylyn B. Dayoan

FB messenger: Jen Dayoan

Email: jennylyn.dayoann@gmail.com
Course Description:

The course deals with interactions

between science and technology and
social, cultural, political, and
economic contexts that shape and
are shaped by them. (CMO No. 20,
series of 2013)
What specific science product
do you see in society today
that really benefits you? In
what way?
 CHAPTER 1
LESSON 1:
Understanding Science and
the Scientific Revolution
Science, Technology and Society
When did science begin?
 Science (from various literature)

“The observation, identification,

description, experimental
investigation, and theoretical
explanation of natural phenomena.”
(American Heritage Dictionary of the
English Language, 2004)
 Science (from various literature)

“A human endeavor within which

people try to make sense of the
environment and a worldview that is
built around practices that purport to
guide the individual towards a personal
understanding.” (Watters and
Diezmann, 2003)
 WHAT IS SCIENCE?

•Science as an idea.
•Science as an intellectual
activity.
•Science as a body of knowledge.
•Science as a personal and social
activity.
 Philosophy constitutes
noble ideas that provides
possible explanations to
certain phenomena.
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Started in the early

16th century to 18th
century.

Started on the
invention of the
printing machine!
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
• Period of enlightenment.
• Birth of modern science.
• Ignited the human interests to rethink
how they do science and view scientific
processes.
• Golden age for people committed to
scholarly life in science.
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Science Ideas

Scientific
Revolution
Humans Society
 CHAPTER 1
LESSON 2:
Intellectual Revolutions that
Defined Society
Science, Technology and Society
SOME INTELLECTUALS and their
REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

Creativity SCIENTISTS
SCIENCE
IDEAS
Passion to
Curiosity know
Discoveries
Passion to
Critical Technology
discover
Thinker
NICOLAUS
COPERNICUS
• Born on February 19, 1473, in
Toruń, Royal Prussia, Poland.
• Finished his doctorate in Canon
(church) law at University of
Ferrara.
• He became a church
administrator and doctor.
• In his spare time, he did
astronomical observations and
study night sky.
COPERNICAN VS. PTOLEMIC THEORY
• The Ptolemaic system
remained Europe’s
accepted cosmology for
more than 1,000 years
• Copernicus addressed
the issues and
problems with the
previous system and
proposed another
theory.
NICOLAUS
COPERNICUS
• In 1514, Copernicus distributed
a handwritten book to his
friends that set out his view of
the universe
• In 1543, his book De
Revolutionibus Orbium
Coelestium (On the
Revolutions of the Heavenly
Bodies) was published and
often cited the start of
scientific revolution.
HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

• The sun is the center of

universe.
• Planets revolve around
the sun.
• Each planet has its own
orbit (revolution).
• Moon is orbiting around
the Earth.
CHARLES DARWIN

• Born on February 12, 1809, in

Shrewsbury, England.
• Enrolled medicine in University
of Edinburgh but soon he left
and went to Cambridge
University to study theology.
CHARLES DARWIN
• His five-year voyage in HMS
Beagle changed both his life and
the trajectory of Western
scientific thinking.
• He returned to England in 1836
and spent many years comparing
and analyzing specimens before
finally declaring that evolution
occurs by a process of natural
selection.
SURVIVAL OF THE
FITTEST

THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION

• This proposes that the 'fittest'
individual organisms - those
with the characteristics best
suited to their environment -
are more likely to survive and
reproduce.
ORIGIN OF SPECIES

• Published in 1589
• Presented evidences how
species evolved over time and
presented traits and
adaptation that differentiate
species.
 • Published in 1871
• Impressive yet very controversial
THE DESCENT
OF MAN • Replaced the dominant views of a
religious or biblical design that places
human beings in a privileged position
of having been created by God.
SIGMUND FREUD
• Born on May 6, 1856, in Příbor,
Czech Republic.
• A neurologist and founder of
psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalysis - a method through which an
analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts based
on the free associations, dreams and fantasies
of the patient.
 ID, EGO,
SUPEREGO
 ID, EGO,
SUPEREGO
 ID, EGO,
SUPEREGO
OEDIPUS
COMPLEX
DREAM
ANALYSIS
 SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY
1ST SEM AY 2023-2024
 CHAPTER 1
LESSON 3:
Cradles of Early Science
Science, Technology and Society
Group Activity
• You will be divided into 7 GROUPS:
1 – Maya
2 – Inca
3 – Aztec
4 – India
5 – China
6 – Middle East
7 - Egypt
Group Activity 1
• You will create a DIGITAL TRAVELOGUE or SLIDE
SHOW or DIGITAL POSTER about the 10 TOP
GREATEST SCIENCE CONTRIBUTIONS OR
INVENTIONS OF DIFFERENT EARLY CIVILIZATION.
• You will be given 5 to 10 minutes to present your
output on SEPTEMBER 16.
• At the end of the presentation, answer the
question:
**What lessons could be learned from the
experiences of your assigned civilization in
advancing science?
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MESOAMERICA

 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MAYA CIVILIZATION

• Civilization that lasted for

2000 years.
• They incorporated
astronomy into their
temples and other religious
structures.
Chitchen Itza in Mexico
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MAYA CIVILIZATION

• Mayan
knowledge about
celestial bodies
were used in
predicting
eclipses and
used
astrological
cycles in planting Chitchen Itza in Mexico
and harvesting.
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MAYA CIVILIZATION

• Mayan
Calendar
system
• Technology in
growing crops
• Hydraulics
system
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MAYA CIVILIZATION

• Looms for
weaving cloth
• Devised glittery
paint from mica
• Produced rubber
products
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MAYA CIVILIZATION

• Hieroglyphics
• Skilled in
Mathematics
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

INCA CIVILIZATION

• Flourished in ancient
Peru between c. 1400
and 1533 CE.
• The largest empire ever
seen in the Americas and
the largest in the world at
that time.
Chitchen Itza in Mexico
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

INCA CIVILIZATION

• Roads
paved with
stones
• Stone
buildings
• Irrigation
system

Chitchen Itza in Mexico

 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

INCA CIVILIZATION

• Inca
Calendar
• Suspension
bridge
• Quipu
• textiles

Chitchen Itza in Mexico

 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

AZTEC CIVILIZATION
• Probably originated as a
nomadic tribe in northern
Mexico around the
beginning of the 13th
century.
• Invaders from Spain
overthrew the Aztec
Empire by force which
brings an end to
Mesoamerica’s last great
native civilization. Chitchen Itza in Mexico
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

AZTEC CIVILIZATION

• Mandatory
education
• Chocolates
• Antipasmodic
medication

Chitchen Itza in Mexico

 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

AZTEC CIVILIZATION

• Chinampa
• Aztec
calendar
• Canoe
invention

Chitchen Itza in Mexico

 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA

 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

INDIA
• Known for
manufacturing iron
and in metallurgical
works.

• Ayuverda – a system
of traditional
medicine.
• Discovered medicinal
properties of plants
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

INDIA
• Siddhanta Shiromani
written in 12th century
contains the India’s
interest in astronomy.
Ex. Spherical self-
supporting Earth, 360
days with 12 equal
parts of 30 days each
etc.
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

INDIA
• The Indus Valley
Civilization tried to
standardized
measurement of
length to a high
degree of accuracy
and designed a ruler,
Mohenjodaro ruler.
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

CHINA
• Discovered various
medical properties
and use of different
plants.
• Acupuncture
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

CHINA

• Compass
• Papermaking
• Gunpowder
• Printing tools
• Iron plough
• Wheelbarrow
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

CHINA

• Different
models of
bridges
• First
seismological
detector
• Dry dock
facility
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

CHINA
• Observed and
recorded lunar
and solar ecplise.
• Lunar calendars
• Observed
heavenly bodies
as basis for
weather and
seasons
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MIDDLE EAST COUNRIES

• IBN AL-HAYTHAM -
Father of modern optics
• INTROMISSION
THEORY - certain rays
were transmitted from
objects in the environment
to the eyes, which allowed
humans to see objects in
their environment
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MIDDLE EAST COUNRIES

• MUHAMMAD IBN MUSA

AL-KHWARIZMI
• wrote a book on algebra
from whose title the word
algebra is derived.
• wrote a book on
calculation that introduced
to Europe the Hindu-
Arabic numerals and how
to do arithmetic with them.
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MIDDLE EAST COUNRIES

• JABIR IBN HAYYAN –

Father of Chemistry
• discovered hydrochloric
acid (from salt) and nitric
acid (from saltpeter). By
combining the two, he
invented aqua regia, one
of the few substances that
can dissolve gold
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

MIDDLE EAST COUNRIES

• IBN SINA
• Discovered the
contagious nature of
infectious diseases
and the introduction of
clinical pharmacology.
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA

 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

• Geometry
• Pyramids and dams
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

• Alchemy
• Calendar
• Metalurgy
Learning Objectives
• Know how the ideas postulated by Copernicus,
Darwin, and Freud contributed to the spark of
scientific revolution.
• Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various
parts of the world like in Latin America, East Asia,
Middle East and Africa
 LESSON 1:
Intellectual Revolutions that
Defined Society
Science, Technology and Society
DYCBASts123