Unit 2:

Intellectual Revolutions
That Defined Society
Agang, Diana grace
Cayco, Randell
Del Rosario, Veronica
Dimzon, Christine Nicole
live longer and create new
healthier lives information

meet a wide range of essential

human needs
 Intellectual Revolution
-a term used to Greek speculation about
nature
 Nicolaus Charles Sigmund
Copernicus Darwin Freud
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

• Copernicus proposed
that the Earth rotated
once per day on its axis
and that progressive
changes in this axis were
responsible for the
occurrence of the
seasons (Heliocentric
model).
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION

• Charles Darwin proposed

the Origin of Species by
Natural Selection.
• It contains the concept of
natural selection “survival
of the fittest” the better
adapted a species is, the
more fitted it is to
reproduce in a specific
environment.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

• Sigmund Freud was the

Father of Psychoanalysis,
he believed that human
personalities are result of
three conflicting
components:
- the Id, Superego, and
ego
INFORMATION
• Its main idea is the growing economic, social
and technological role of information.

• It shifted the economy towards the

production of knowledge and services.

• Socio-technical system helps with the

development of every human being
MESOAMERICAN
• Middle America in Greek
• Mesoamerican refers to the many civilizations that coexisted in the
geographical regions such as Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El
Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

Civilizations:
• Maya civilization
• Inca civilization
• Aztec civilization
 Maya Civilization
• one of the famous civilizations that approximately
lasted for 2000 years
• famous in their works in astronomy
• the first to produce rubber products
 Inca Civilization
• made a significant and advance scientific idea
even though they are old civilization already

Inca textile Roads and Buildings

 Aztec Civilization
• Mandatory education which classified as Calmecac and
Telpochcalli
• develop Chinampa an agricultural strategy
 ASIAN
• Asia is the home of many ancient civilization. The
civilization of China and India made a big contribution to
the civilization of Asia.
• The revolution of different countries within Asia resulted
to the birth of civilization and birth of numerous religions
such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism
• China made a substantial contribution in the field of
medicine, mathematics, astronomy and science as well as
India.
 MIDDLE EAST
• one of the homes of the “cradle of civilization”
• they gave us mathematical terms like algebra,
azimuth, algorithms and many more
• the first to develop the first and old writing system
in the world in the “Cuneiform Script” and first
generalized governments and law codes.
 AFRICAN
• The ICT delivered growth and
prosperity with the social cohesion
and environmental sustainability
• develop the growth of the market
• Axum empire became one of the
most prominent trading civilizations
in ancient Africa
HOW DOES SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
AFFECT SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT?

• Science serves as a foundation to provide new

technologies.
• Technology creates a high level of machinery that made
our daily lives much easier and convenient.
• Technology enable us to build strong communication and
interconnectedness across the world despite of our
boundaries that results to Globalization.
PARADIGM SHIFTS IN HISTORY
• In 1962, An american physicist and philosopher thomas kuhn
identified the paradigm shift in history as a concept about the
fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental
practices of a scientific descipline.
• "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"
• The scientific activity and experimentation begin to contradict
the process of the normal science and the premises that experts
previously considered as unshakable and resulted to the
discovery of new and different theories and paradigm.
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

• Ptolemaic System
• Copernican System
 Gradualism vs Sudden Change
Many philosophers and historians of science
accepted Thomas Kuhn’s gradualist model of
science revolution, that science does not
progressively progress towards truth, but science
has a paradigm before undergoing a paradigm shift.
Thank You