Benamer, Angelou F.
BS DEVC - 1101
Quiz in Science Technology and Society (GEd 109)
A. Complete the table below.
Intellectual Revolutions
A. Copernican Revolution
Contributions
● Nicolas Copernicus wrestled with was the paths of planetary orbits.
Through the centuries close observations had shown that the heavens do
not always appear to move in perfect, uninterrupted circles. Rather, they
sometimes seem to move backwards in what are known as retrogradations.
● It is a major shift of worldwide views from believing that the Earth is the
center of the universe to believing the “Sun Centered” solar system theory
or what we call "Heliocentric Model."
● Nicolaus Copernicus started his eponymous revolution with the publication
of “De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium”.
● Johannes Kepler uses Tycho Brahe's astronomical data and he discover that
the orbit of celestial objects are elliptical, not circular.
● Galileo Galilei, the father of modern science, invented the telescope.
● Galileo, using his telescope, saw the sun's perfection marred by sunspots
and the moon's perfection marred by craters. He also saw four moons
orbiting Jupiter
● Isaac Newton began formulating the theory of universal gravity The
development of his laws of planetary motion and universal gravitation
explained the presumed motion related to the heavens by asserting a
gravitational force of attraction between two objects.
 ● The printing of Newton's book, Principia Mathematica, in 1687 is often
seen as the start of the Enlightenment (1687-1789). It was a significant
turning point in history, for, armed with the tools of Newton's laws and
calculus.
B. Darwinian Revolution ● This revolution is deservedly given credit for the theory of biological
evolution as Darwin accumulated evidence demonstrating that organisms
evolve and discovered the process, natural selection, by which they evolve.
● The workings of the universe were brought into the realm of science:
explanation through natural laws.
● Darwin completed the Copernican revolution by drawing out for biology
the notion of nature as a lawful system of matter in motion. The adaptations
and diversity of organisms, the origin of novel and highly organized forms,
even the origin of
humanity itself could now be explained by an orderly process of change
governed by
natural laws.
● The origin of organisms and their marvelous adaptations was highlighted.
● Scientific explanations, derived from natural laws, dominated the world of
nonliving matter, on the earth as well as in the heavens.
C. Freudian Revolution ● Freud's most obvious impact was to change the way society thought about
and dealt with mental illness.
● People drew a sharp dividing line between the "insane" and the "sane."
● Freud created Psychoanalysis that had an enormous impact on the practice
of psychiatry, particularly within the United States, but today it is regarded
by most sources– medical, academic, governmental, and others–as almost
entirely incorrect in its conception of the mind.

D. Scientific Revolution in
Mesoamerica
● As psychoanalysis became increasingly popular, psychology and psychiatry
turned away from the search for organic causes and toward the search for
inner psychic conflicts and early childhood traumas.
● It is also revealed that Psychoanalysis in its many varieties appears to have
little or no efficacy in treating mental illness but still acknowledge for the
reason that it is purely practical: psychoanalysis has enormous historical
significance; and that Freud gave people a new way of thinking about why
they acted the way they did.
● The exchange of knowledge between ancient civilizations was critical in
the development of scientific knowledge.
● This period highlighted the most advanced Mesoamerican civilization
which was the Maya civilization that was well on its way to develop true
science.
● Maya developed the most accurate calendar ever designed.
● Maya hieroglyphs that allowed them to record all knowledge on long strips
of paper folded harmonica-style into books.
● One of the three books recovered called The Dresden Codex contains
predictions of solar eclipses for centuries and a table of predicted positions
of Venus.
● Aztec manuscripts describe how the Maya performed their astronomical
observations.
● The manufacture of rubber was one of the earliest inventions, documented
by the use of a rubber ball in the ball game tlachtli, a game played by
Meso-American civilizations from earliest times. In architecture the Maya
were the first to use pitched ceilings in their buildings after the invention of
the corbelled vault. Aztec city builders also understood the need for public
sanitation; public latrines were found along all highways, and to prevent

E. Asian Scientific Revolution
F. Scientific Revolution in
Middle East
pollution of Lake Texcoco canoes transported the sewage from
Tenochtitlán to the mainland every morning.
● Among the plants that originated in Meso-America are corn (maize),
papaya, avocado and cocoa. Maize is the only cultivated plant that was
developed so early in human history that its wild ancestor is no longer
known.
● Several sculptures found at Meso-American sites that strongly suggest that
the early Meso-American civilizations knew about and used magnetism
● Many of the cutting-edge technological developments, and to a lesser
extent scientific advancements, emanate from Asia.
● Aside from the region’s hardware dominance, nations across Asia are
becoming increasingly important to the global supply of digital content and
services, something which will only increase as the continent develops over
the coming decades.
● Japan is probably the most notable country in Asia in terms of scientific
and technological achievement, particularly in terms of its electronics and
automobile products.
● South Korea’s cultural popularity around the world has caused a number of
startup’s to emerge working within the digital and technology sectors,
including website viki.com. and viu.
● Taiwan is following a similar path to Japan meanwhile, moving away from
hardware production, instead turning to software and content development.
● Mesopotamia and Egypt tremendous strides were made in various branches
of science and technology.
● The Egyptians excelled in such applied sciences as medicine, engineering,
and surveying; in Mesopotamia greater progress was made in astronomy
and mathematics.

G. Scientific Revolution in
Africa
● The Egyptians remained far behind the Babylonians in developing
astronomy, while Babylonian medicine, because of its chiefly magical
character, was less advanced than that of Egypt.
● In engineering and architecture Egyptians took an early lead, owing largely
to the stress they laid on the construction of such elaborate monuments as
vast pyramids and temples of granite and sandstone. On the other hand, the
Babylonians led in the development of such practical arts as irrigation.
● Both sciences and pseudosciences spread from Egypt and Mesopotamia to
Phoenicia and Anatolias.
● Of all the accomplishments of the ancient Middle East, the invention of the
alphabet is probably the greatest.
● Developed the earliest known purely consonantal alphabet, imitated in
northern Syria, with the addition of two letters to designate vowels used
with the glottal catch.
● Alphabet's union with hearing and vision in a uniquely simple phonetic
structure has probably revolutionized civilization more than any other
invention in history.
● The applied sciences of agronomy, metallurgy, engineering and textile
production, as well as medicine, dominated the field of activity across
Africa.
● ‘New World‘ agricultural growth was spawned by the use of captives from
these African societies that had already made enormous strides in the field
of agronomy.
● Variety of African plants had medicinal implications for Africans and were
used as anesthetics or pain killers, analgesics for the control of fever,
antidotes to counter poisons, and anthelmintic aimed at deworming. They
were used also in cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, and dermatological
contexts.
● Laird Scranton, making use of the extensive collections of Marcel Griaule,
has deepened our understanding of Malian cosmological myths and their
perceptions of the structure of matter and the physical world.
● Dogon knowledge systems have also been explored in terms of their
perceptions on astronomy. Dogon propositions about Sirius B have been
discussed by Charles Finch in The Star of Deep Beginnings.
● The solar calendar that we use today evolved from the Egyptian calendar of
twelve months, calibrated according to the day on which the star Sirius rose
on the horizon with the Sun.
● Nubian builders calculated the volumes of masonry and building materials,
as well as the slopes of pyramids, for construction purposes.
● Bianchi points to a Nubian engraving at Meroe, in ancient Sudan, dated to
the first century B.C.E., which reflects “a sophisticated understanding of
mathematics.”
● Nubians of Meroe, who constructed more pyramids than the Egyptians,
built steep, flat-topped pyramids.
● Scientifically proven methods, as well as techniques and strategies which
were culturally specific and psychologically significant. Among the
common principles and procedures were hydrotherapy, heat therapy, spinal
manipulation, quarantine, bone-setting and surgery. Incantations and other
psychotherapeutic devices sometimes accompanied other techniques.
● Knowledge of specific medicinal plants was quite extensive in some
kingdoms, empires, and city states such as Aksum, and Borgu (in
Hausaland). The latter continues to be well known for orthopedics
(bone-setting), as is the case of Funtua in Northern Nigeria.
● Various types of metal products have been used over time by Africans,
ranging from gold, tin, silver, bronze, brass, and iron/steel.
 ● The use of multishaft and open-shaft systems facilitated circulation of air in
intense heating processes, while the bellows principle produced strong
currents of air in a chamber expanded to draw in or expel air through a
valve.
● The technical know-how and expertise of blacksmiths helped to enhance
their status, although they were also often associated with supernatural and
psychic powers, as well.
● Builders integrated the concepts of the arch, the dome, and columns and
aisles in their constructions. The underground vaults and passages, as well
as the rock-hewn churches, of Axum are matched in Nubia and Egypt with
pyramids of various dimensions. In the Sahelian region, adobe, or dried
clay, was preferred in the context of moulded contours, at times integrated
with overall moulded sculpture.
● Mats were used as part of the decor and also to be saturated repeatedly in
order to cool the room.
● Derelict ruins from walled cities—such as Kano, Zazzau, and other
city-states of Hausaland in the central Sudanic region of West
Africa—complement structures such as the rock-hewn and moulded
churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia or the Zimbabwe enclosures
H. Information Revolution ● Information revolution is a period of change that describes current
economic, social and technological trends beyond the Industrial Revolution
● The information revolution was fueled by advances in semiconductor
technology, particularly the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect
transistor (MOSFET) and the integrated circuit (IC) chip, leading to the
Information Age in the early 21stcentury.
● Computer technology is at the root of this change, and continuing
advancements in that technology seem to ensure that this revolution would
touch the lives of people.
 ● The key development that made personal computers possible was the
invention of the microprocessor chip at Intel in 1971.
● The information revolution led us to the age of the internet, where optical
communication networks play a key role in delivering massive amounts of
data.
● The first edition of Undersea Fiber Communication Systems in 2002, the
optical fiber communication industry moved into the “coherent” era.
● Highlighted the single fiber strand that send over 10,000,000,000,000 bits
every second across the Atlantic Ocean in a single strand of fiber.
● Beginning of e-commerce—that is, the explosive emergence of the Internet
as a major, perhaps eventually the major, worldwide distribution channel
for goods, for services, and, surprisingly, for managerial and professional
jobs.
● Introduce new and unexpected industries such as biotechnology and fish
farming

B. Describe the Batangas State University KIST Park in 3-5 sentences.

As Batangas State University (BatStateU) acquired the title "The National Engineering University", the BSU-KIST
park is a significant breakthrough in academe institution and a representation of how the prestigious university lives up
to its official motto: "Leading Innovation, Transforming Lives, Building the Nation."
Leading Innovation in such a way that it sets the foundation for greater industrial efficiency and socioeconomic
progress in CaLaBaRZon. This embodiment of greater partnership among government, industry, and academia is
critical to the comprehensive innovation approach. Transforming Lives by pioneering a protracted strategy for the
country's public universities and colleges to extend their programmes for enterprise, academe, economic synchronicity,
technopreneurship, company creation and industrialization, and knowledge co-creation in science and technology. And,
Building Nation in a manner that it contribute to the creation of a greater baseline for the community, society, and the
nation, as well as it serve as a impetus in the development of innovative interventions to real-world challenges.
Furthermore, as the first Knowledge, Innovation and Science Technology (KIST) Park in the nation, this
BSU-KIST Park must be regarded as one of our nation's greatest contributions to the Asian Scientific Revolution. It
facilitates knowledge exchange between university researchers, start-ups, and emerging industries while also leading
instruction, research, and extension services that are market-driven and industry-driven. Perhaps it would be better if
more initiatives like these were developed to highlight and strengthen the abilities, passion, and knowledge of Filipinos
in science and technology field.

C. Enumerate the 4 programs of S4CP (Science for Change Program).

1. Niche Centers in the Regions for R&D (NICER) Program
2. R&D Leadership (RDLead) Program
3. Collaborative R&D to Leverage PH Economy (CRADLE) for RDIs and Industry Program
4. Business Innovation through S&T (BIST) for Industry Program

D. Identify the major contribution/s of the following personalities in S&T in the Philippines.
1. Aisa Mijeno:
● Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt) lamp - an environment-friendly and sustainable alternative light
source that runs on saltwater, making it suitable to those who live in coastal areas.
● Address the light inequality gap and end the use of combustion based light sources (kerosene lamps and
candles) for the 16 Million Filipinos and 1.4 Billion people across the world.
2. Ramon C. Barba:
● Inducement of flowering of mango trees by spraying them with ethrel and potassium nitrate
● Tissue culture procedure for the banana plant and sugar canewhich enabled production of large quantities of
planting materials that were robust and disease-free
● Process of fruiting of mango trees three times a year, instead on once a year, so dramatically improving
yields
● Micro propagation protocols for more than 40 important species of fruit crops, ornamental plants,
plantation crops, aquarium plants, and forest trees.
3. Fe V. del Mundo:
● Revolutionized Philippine medicine, making major breakthroughs in immunization and in the treatment of
jaundice, and providing healthcare to thousands of poor families.
● Invention of the incubator and a jaundice relieving device
● BRAT diet for curing diarrhea
● Pioneering work on infectious diseases in Philippine communities and authored the Textbook of Pediatrics,
as well as hundreds of articles and medical reports on diseases such as dengue, polio and measles.
4. Maria Y. Orosa:
● Advances in modern Filipino foods
● Calamansi juice
● Calamansi nip
● Soyolac
● Making of the banana ketchup; wines from native fruits, like casuy and guava; vinegar from pineapples;
banana starch; soyamilk; banana flour; cassava flour; jelly from guava, santol, mango, and other fruits, as
well as the invention of rice cookies, known as ricebran or darak, which is effective in the treatment of
patients with beri-beri.
 ● Preservation of such native delicacies as the adobo, dinuguan, kilawen and escabeche.
● Oroval” and “Clarosa"
● “Orosa Palayok Oven”
● "Magic Food"
● helped organize the food preservation division under the Bureau of Science.
● also tried her hand in improving household wares
5. Angel Alcala:
● Made major contributions to marine biology research efforts in the Philippines and authored over 160
scientific papers as well as books
● Comprehensive studies concerning Philippine reptiles and amphibians and minor studies on mammals and
birds
● 50 more species of reptiles and amphibians were identified because of his efforts
● Conservation programs in the Philippines
● First artificial reef around the coastline of the Philippines
● Contributions to environmental biology