NKY Hazmat Study

Northern Kentucky Hazardous
Materials Commodity Flow Study

Ritchie Taylor, PhD
Edrisa Sanyang, PhD
Jacqueline Basham, MPH
Gretchen Macy, EdD
WKU Students
Western Kentucky University

College of Health & Human Services
Department of Public Health
Center for Environmental & Workplace Health
Overview
 Introduction & Purpose
 Methods & Findings
 Placard Surveys
 Fixed Facilities Survey
 Hazmat Incidents Review
 Discussion
Introduction & Purpose
• Introduction
• The goal was to provide NKEPC and Kentucky Emergency Management
(KYEM) with information about hazardous materials transport patterns to
better prepare for potential incidents and releases of hazardous materials.
• Purpose
• The purpose of commodity flow studies is to identify the transport of specific
goods through the transportation system of a specified area (Taylor et al.,
2010). The EPA defines a commodity flow as any good being moved or
transported (U.S. EPA, 2010).
Placard Survey Data
Observation Location
I-71/I-75 at Thomas More Stadium
Total Number of Hazardous Material Placarded Vehicles Observed
(I-71/I-75 at the Ballpark)
1664
1800
1600
1400
876
1200 788
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Northbound Southbound Total
Placarded Vehicles Observed

Hazardous Material Vehicle Frequency Per Hour
26.0
30.0
25.0
20.0 13.7
12.3
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Northbound Southbound Both Directions of Travel
Placarded Vehicle Frequency (per hour)

Hazardous Material Placarded Vehicles Observed by Day of the Week
*Two four-day monitoring periods
570
552
600
500
400 273
269
300
200
100
0
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Hazardous Material Placarded Vehicle Frequency Per Hour
by Day of the Week and Direction
18.6
17.9 17.7
20
15.9
18
16
14
12 9.8
8.4 8.7
10 7.0
8
0
Southbound Northbound
Hazardous Material Placarded Vehicles Observed by Time of Day
600 501
402 404
500
357
400
300
200
100
0
08:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 16:00

Top Ten Most Common Placard IDs Observed
(total count each ID)
28 27
32
33
272
59
Placard IDs
Flammable
1993
136 Corrosive
1203
Dangerous
3082
Non-Flammable Gas
1824
1263
3257
186
147
171
Placard IDs Observed on I-71/I-75 at the Ballpark (% of Total Count)
Flammable, 16.3% Placard IDs
Other, 27.2%
Flammable
1993
Corrosive
1993, 11.2% 1203
Dangerous
3082
Non-Flammable Gas
1824
1263
3257
1075
1866, 1.3% 3065
1977, 1.4% 1005
1005, 1.4% 1977
3065, 1.5% 1866
1075, 1.6% Corrosive, 10.3%
3257, 1.6% Other
1263, 1.7%
1824, 1.9%
Non-Flammable Gas, 2.0%
1203, 8.8%
3082, 3.5%
Dangerous, 8.2%
Notes:
Total Count = 1664 Placarded Vehicles Observed
Other = Sum of individual placards less than 1.0%
ERG Guide Numbers for Top 10 Observed Placards
21
36 25
82 386
85 ERG Guide Numbers
128
104 127
153
111
171
154
120
115
125
137
136
349
198
I-75 at Crittenden Weigh Station
(I-75 at Crittenden Weigh Station)
450
400
350
300
250 413
200
266
150
147
100
50
0
Hazardous Material Placarded Vehicle Frequency (per hour)
I-75 at Crittenden Weigh Station
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0 12.9
6.0
8.3
4.0 4.6
2.0
0.0
Northbound Southbound Both Directions of Travel
Frequency Per Hour

160
142
140
120
105
100 87
79
80
60
40
20
0

14
12.4
12
10
7.6
8 7.0
6.3 6.1
5.4
6
3.6
4 3.3
0
9 8
11
54
12
Placard IDs
Flammable
13
1993
1203
Dangerous
Corrosive
1791
26 1987
1075
3082
1824
44
30
39
Placard IDs Observed on I-75 at Crittenden Weigh Station
(% of Total Count)
Flammable, 13.1%
Placard IDs
Other, 36.1% 1993, 10.7%

Flammable
1993
1203
Dangerous
Corrosive
1791
1987
1075
3082
1824
1203, 9.4% 3065
1263
1863
Other
1863, 1.2%
1263, 1.5% Dangerous, 7.3%
3065, 1.7%
1824, 1.9%
3082, 2.2% 1075, 2.7% Corrosive, 6.3%
1987, 2.9% 1791, 3.1%
Notes:
6
14 7
17 100
ERG Guide Numbers
17
128
127
30 154
153
111
171
115
120
156
157
38
80
41
I-71/I-75 at Kentucky DOT
(I-71/I-75 at Kentucky DOT)
450
400
350
300
437
250
200
150 226 211
100
50
0
I-71/I-75 at KY DOT
12
10
Total; 10.925
4 Northbound; 5.65
Southbound; 5.275
0
Placarded Vehicles Observed (per hour)

119
120
110
100
80
75
80
60 53
40
20
0
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

10.0
9.1
9.0
7.9
8.0
7.0
5.9 5.8 5.6
6.0
5.1
4.6
5.0 4.3 4.4
4.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
(I-71/I-75 at KY DOT)
160
141
136
140
120 107
100
80
53
60
40
20
0
08:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 16:00

10
16
47
17
Placard IDs
17
Flammable
1203
1993
Corrosive
20 46 3082
Non-Flammable Gas
Dangerous
1824
1791
1075
26
44
42
Placard IDs Observed on I-71/I-75 at Kentucky DOT
(% of Total Count)
Placard IDs
10.8%
26.3%
Flammable
10.5%
1203
1993
Corrosive
3082
Non-Flammable Gas
10.1% Dangerous
1.1% 1824
1791
1075
1263
1.1% 2187
1.1% 1977
1.4% 1866
1.6%
Organic Peroxide
2.1% 1987
2.3%
9.6%
Other
3.7%
3.9%
3.9% 5.9%
4.6%
Notes:
5
15 6
17
104
33 ERG Guide Numbers
128
127
153
154
34 120
171
111
115
126
157
39
70
50
I-275 near Hebron, KY
(I-275 near Hebron, KY)
450
400
350
300
440
250
200
217 223
150
100
50
0
Eastbound Westbound Total
*Four days of monitoring Tuesday – Friday (7/5/2022 –

7/8/2022)
14.0
12.0
10.0
13.8
8.0
6.0
7.0
6.8
4.0
2.0
0.0
Eastbound Westbound Both Directions of Travel
Frequency Per Hour

137
140 131
120
93
100
79
80
60
40
20
0

9.8
10.0
8.5 8.6
9.0
8.0
6.5 6.6
7.0
5.5
6.0
5.1
5.0 4.4
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Eastbound Westbound
180 163
160
140
119
120 108
100
80
50
60
40
20
0
08:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 16:00

(I-275 Near Hebron, KY)
12
12
51
13
Placard IDs
18
Corrosive
Flammable
1993
3257
21 1203
1075
41
Dangerous
3065
1824
Non-Flammable Gas
29
35
33
Placard IDs Observed on I-275 near Hebron, KY
(% of Total Count)
11.6% Placard IDs
24.1% Corrosive
Flammable
9.3% 1993
3257
1203
1075
Dangerous
1.1% 8.0% 3065
1.1% 1824
1.1% Non-Flammable Gas
1987
3082
1073
1977
1.4% 1951
1.4%
3375
1.4%
1.4% 1760
7.5%
1.6% 1830
1.6% 1791
1.6% 2257
2.0% 2187
2.7% 6.6%
Other
2.7% 3.0% 4.1% 4.8%
Notes:
ERG Guide Numbers
10
for Top 10 Observed Placards
11
18 68
25
ERG Guide Numbers
127
33
128
153
171
154
120
115
67 111
140
33
157
46
61
AA Highway (KY-9) at KY-2828
(3520 Ivor RD., California, KY
(Hwy AA at KY-2828)
125
140
120
77
100
80
48
60
40
20
0
Total Number of Hazmat Trucks

*Five days of monitoring Monday – Friday (6/27/2022 – 6/31/2022)
(HWY AA at KY-2828)
3.1
3.50
3.00
2.50 1.9
2.00
1.2
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Average Number of Hazmat Trucks Per Hour

(HWY AA at KY-2828)
28 28
30 27
25 22
20
20
15
10
0

Hazardous Material Frequency Per Hour
(Hwy AA at KY-2828)
2.5
2.5
1.9
2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
1.6
1.5
1.0
0.9
1.0 0.8
0.5
0.0
Northbound Southbound
Hazardous Material Transport by Time of Day
(Hwy AA at KY-2828)
43
45
40
32
35 32
30 26
25 25
22
25
20 16
15 11
9
10 6
3
5
0
8:00 - 9:59 10:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 15:59

Hwy AA at KY-2828
3 3
3
5 24
Placard ID
1203
5
1993
Flammable
Corrosive
6 1075
2757
Blasting Agent
3077
Toxic
1918
3375
7
13
12
Placard IDs Observed on Hwy AA at KY-02828
(% of Total Count)
2.11% 2.11%
2.11%
3.52%
3.52%
4.23% Placard ID
37.32%
Other
4.93% 1203
5.63% 1993
Flammable
Corrosive
1075
2757
3077
Blasting Agent
Toxic
3375
1918
8.45%
9.15%
16.90%
Composition of ERG Guide Numbers (Hwy AA at KY-2828)
3.06% 3.06%
3.06%
4.08%
5.10% 37.76%
5.10% 128
Other
6.12%
151
115
154
156
171
140
125
130
131
9.18%
10.20% 13.27%
KY-1039 at Big Rig One Stop
(Near Sparta, KY)
(KY-1039 at Big Rig One Stop)
241
250
200
135
150 106
100
50
0
Total Number of Hazmat Trucks

6.0
7.00
6.00
5.00
3.4
4.00 2.7
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Average Number of Trucks Per Hour

55
60 52
47 49
50
38
40
30
20
10
0
Average Number of Hazmat Trucks Per Hour

Hazardous Material Frequency Per Hour
4.4
4.3 4.3
4.5
4.0
3.6
3.3
3.5
2.8
3.0
2.3
2.5 2.0
1.9
2.0 1.5
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Northbound Soundbound
Hazardous Material Transport by Time of Day
75
80
70
57
54 55
60
50
40
35
35 35
40
29
22 25
30
20
20
10
0
8:00 - 9:59 10:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 15:59

Top Ten Most Common Placard IDs Observed on
7
7
7
8 48 ERG Guide Numbers
1993
1977
8 1203
1951
3082
9 2031
1075
Flammable
1824
3065
1789
Non-Flammable Gas
9
12 31
14
18
Placard IDs Observed on KY-1039 at Big Rig One Stop
(% of Total Count)
2.72% 2.72%
2.72%
3.11%
3.11%
30.74% ERG Guide Numbers
3.50% Other
1993
3.50%
1977
1203
1951
4.67%
3082
1075
2031
Flammable
1824
5.45% Non-Flammable Gas
3065
1789
7.00%
18.68%
12.06%
Composition of ERG Guide Numbers (KY-1039)
2.16% 2.16%
2.16%
4.76%
29.44%
6.06%
ERG Guide Numbers
6.49%
128
120
154
Other
157
171
127
115
153
7.36% 137
132
8.23%
20.35%
10.82%
HWY 127 at Owen Electric Co-op
(Near Sparta, KY)
Monitored Monday, 7/12/2022
Observed 3 Placarded Vehicles – Each with Placard ID 1203 – Gasoline
Decision made to locate back to 1-71 and I-75 at the Ballpark

US 27 at KY-824 (Southern Campbell Fire District)
Near Claryville, KY
Limited Hazardous Material
Commodity Flow
26 Placarded Vehicles Observed over a Five-day Period
Sample No. Date Day of Week Time (24hr) Direction of Travel Hazard Class UNID ERG Guide Number
2575 6/27/22 Monday 8:22 27 North Explosives (1.5) Explosives 112
2576 6/27/22 Monday 9:06 27 South Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1203 128
2577 6/27/22 Monday 9:06 27 South Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1203 128
2578 6/27/22 Monday 10:27 27 North Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1203 128
2579 6/27/22 Monday 11:04 27 North Substances- Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible) 1760 154
2580 6/27/22 Monday 11:37 27 South Corrosive Corrosive 153
2581 6/28/22 Tuesday 9:56 27 South Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1993 128
2582 6/28/22 Tuesday 10:15 27 South Gases- Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids) 1075 115
2583 6/28/22 Tuesday 11:59 27 North Gases- Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids) 1075 115
2584 6/29/22 Wednesday 8:34 27 North Gases- Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids) 1075 115
2585 6/29/22 Wednesday 9:09 27 North Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1993 128
2586 6/29/22 Wednesday 9:43 27 South Flammable Flammable 127
2587 6/29/22 Wednesday 10:03 27 South Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1203 128
2588 6/29/22 Wednesday 10:29 27 South Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1993 128
2589 6/29/22 Wednesday 10:30 27 North Gases- Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids) 1075 115
2590 6/29/22 Wednesday 12:01 27 South Gases- Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids) 1075 115
2593 6/30/22 Thursday 9:18 27 South Flammable Flammable 127
2594 6/30/22 Thursday 10:13 27 South Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1203 128
2595 6/30/22 Thursday 11:46 27 North Gases- Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids) 1075 115
2596 7/1/22 Friday 8:08 27 North Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1203 128
2597 7/1/22 Friday 9:05 27 North Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible) 1203 128
Non-Flammable
2598 7/1/22 Friday 9:36 27 South Non-Flammable Gas Gas 120
2598 7/1/22 Friday 9:36 27 South Flammable Flammable 127
2599 7/1/22 Friday 9:43 27 South Gases- Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids) 1075 115
I-275 at NKU
(Near Highland Heights, KY)
Attempted to Monitor for two Days
7/5/2022 – 7/6/2022
Multiple locations attempted – Could

not visualize Placard IDs
178 Placarded Vehicles Observed –
about 12.7 per hour
Monitoring Needed
(I-275 at NKU)
Two Days of Monitoring – 7/5/2022 – 7/6/2022
14 Total Hours of Monitoring

180
160
140
120
178
100
80
95
60 83
40
20
0
Eastbound Westbound Total
I-275 at NKU
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0 Both Directions of Travel; 12.7
6.0
Westbound; 6.8
Eastbound; 5.9
4.0
2.0
0.0
Eastbound Westbound Both Directions of Travel
Frequency Per Hour

(per hour)
(I-275 at NKU)
13.25
14 12
12
10
0
Tuesday Wednesday

(I-275 at NKU)
6.8 6.8
6.5
7.0
6.0 5.2
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Tuesday Wednesday
Eastbound Westbound
(I-275 at NKU)
70
62
61
60
50
39
40
30
16
20
10
0
08:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 16:00

Placard IDs Observed
(I-275 at NKU)
3 2 1 1 1 1 1
7
Placard IDs
7
7 Flammable
Corrosive
Dangerous
11 Non-Flammable Gas
1993
1203
3548
Explosives
Organic Peroxide
Toxic
1824
Flammable Solid
Dangerous when wet
105
31
ERG Guide Numbers for Observed Placards
(I-275 at NKU) 127
134
139
153
ERG Guide Numbers
127
148
153
128 128
111
120
171
112
154
148
139
134
111
154
120
112
171
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Northern Kentucky Hazardous

Materials Commodity Flow Study

Western Kentucky University

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Placarded Vehicle Frequency (per hour)

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Flammable, 16.3% Placard IDs

85 ERG Guide Numbers

Frequency Per Hour

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Other, 36.1% 1993, 10.7%

150 226 211

Placarded Vehicles Observed (per hour)

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Placarded Vehicles Observed

33 ERG Guide Numbers

*Four days of monitoring Tuesday – Friday (7/5/2022 –

Frequency Per Hour

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Total Number of Hazmat Trucks

Average Number of Hazmat Trucks Per Hour

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Northbound Southbound Total

Total Number of Hazmat Trucks

Average Number of Trucks Per Hour

Average Number of Hazmat Trucks Per Hour

Northbound Southbound Total

Decision made to locate back to 1-71 and I-75 at the Ballpark

Multiple locations attempted – Could

Two Days of Monitoring – 7/5/2022 – 7/6/2022

14 Total Hours of Monitoring

8.0 Both Directions of Travel; 12.7

Frequency Per Hour

Placarded Vehicles Observed

Placarded Vehicles Observed

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