COUNTERFEITING

OF DOCUMENTS
(IN RELATION TO
ECONOMIC CRIME)

Presented by: Mabutol, Mark Ryan

OBJECTIVES:
• To know counterfeit documents
• Knowledgeable of law pertains to counterfeit documents
• Analyze different types of document fraud
COUNTERFEITING
Counterfeiting is an economic crime
which causes serious damage to
global economy, it affects the
production process of businesses thus
resulting in job loss and represents a
threat for the health and safety of
consumers and environment.
COUNTERFEIT
Counterfeit is defined as any
wholesale fraudulent imitation.
Counterfeiting is done to produce a
copy that passes as the original.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
DOCUMENT FRAUD
Criminals and terrorists often make fraudulent use of both fake and genuine
identity and travel documents in order to carry out their illegal activities:
• False documents:
• Counterfeits
• Forgeries
• Pseudo documents
• Genuine documents:
• Fraudulently obtained genuine documents
• Genuine documents misused by an impostor.
FORGED DOCUMENTS
• Unauthorized alteration made to an
authentic/genuine document, after having been
lawfully issued.
• It includes:
i. Photo substitution
ii. Page substitution
iii. Data alteration (physical or chemical erasures)
attacks on the visas and on the entry/ exit
stamps, etc.
COUNTERFEIT
DOCUMENTS
• An unauthorized reproduction
of an authentic/genuine
document.
• [a document entirely produced
by a fraudster/forger]
BLANK STOLEN
DOCUMENTS
• Authentic/genuine documents, the
blank of which, was
misappropriated and personalized
by an unauthorized person or
entity.
• [a document issued (personalized)
by a fraudster/forger]
TAMPERING THE
CONTACTLESS IC
• An illegal addition, alteration or
destruction of a contactless
Integrated Chip in an
authentic/genuine document.
FRAUDULENTLY OBTAINED
DOCUMENTS
• Authentic/genuine document issued by the legal
authority, based on deception by the “applicant”
through:
• The use of breeder documents, either false,
counterfeited or genuine ones belonging to
someone else;
• Cooperation of corrupt official;
• Impersonation of the rightful holder of a genuine
document.
IMPOSTER
• An imposter is someone who
knowingly misrepresents him or
herself by using someone else’s
identity or travel document, from
which the biographical details and
photograph resembles more or less
this person, as if he or she was the
rightful bearer of such document.
PSEUDO DOCUMENTS
• Pseudo documents comprise a range of documentation which has no legal value
and therefore proves neither the identity nor the nationality of an individual.
• A pseudo document has the appearance of an existing document, however it is
not issued by an existing and legally recognized authority of a given State or
Organization, recognized under international law.
• It includes:
i. Fantasy documents
ii. Camouflage documents
iii. Fictitious documents, etc.
FANTASY DOCUMENTS
• Fantasy documents bear the
names of imaginary states or
organizations. The issuer is neither
a recognized State, nor an
authorized entity/authority.
FICTITIOUS DOCUMENTS
• Documents, visas or stamps that
bear the name of an existing and
recognized State or organization,
but do not correspond to any
existing real document in the
country or international organized
indicated.
CAMOUFLAGE DOCUMENT

• Documents that claim to come

from countries or organizations
that no longer exist or that have
been renamed, e.g. British
Honduras (now Belize).
PHILIPPINE LAW
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8239
• PHILIPPINE PASSPORT ACT OF 1996
• SEC. 19. Offenses and Penalties. – A passport being a
proclamation of the citizenship of a Filipino, is a document that is
superior to all other official documents. As such, it should be
accorded the highest respect by its holder that to do damage to
its integrity and validity is a serious crime that should be
penalized accordingly:
PHILIPPINE LAW
• c) Offenses Relating to Forgery: Penalties. – Any person who:

• 1. Falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, mutilates or alters any passport

or travel document or any supporting document for a passport
application, with the intent of using the same shall be punished by a
fine of not less than Sixty thousand pesos ( ₱60,000) nor more than One
hundred fifty thousand pesos ( ₱150,000) and imprisonment of not less
than six (6) years nor more than fifteen (15) years; or
PHILIPPINE LAW
• 2. Willfully or knowingly uses or attempts to use, or furnishes to another for use any such
false, forged, counterfeited, mutilated or altered passport or travel document or any passport
validly issued which has become void by the occurrence of any condition therein prescribed
shall be punished by a fine of not less than Sixty thousand pesos ( ₱60,000) nor more than
One hundred and fifty thousand pesos ( ₱150,000) and imprisonment of not less than six (6)
years nor more than fifteen (15) years: Provided, however, That officers of corporations,
agencies or entities licensed in the travel and recruitment industry would be held similarly as
their agents, liaison officers or representatives: Provided, finally, That forgeries of five or
more passports or travel documents, would be considered as massive forgery tantamount to
national sabotage and shall be punished by a fine of not less than Two hundred and fifty
thousand pesos ( ₱250,000) nor more than One Million pesos ( ₱1,000,000) and imprisonment
of not less than seven (7) years nor more than seventeen (17) years.
SUMMARY
• Counterfeiting
• Counterfeit
• The different types of document fraud
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8239
REFERENCES:
• Counterfeiting and protected rights - Agenzia delle dogane e dei
Monopoli (adm.gov.it)
• Laboratory Examination of Counterfeit and Fraudulently Altered
Documents | Office of Justice Programs (ojp.gov)
• Counterfeit currency and security documents (interpol.int)
• Introduction to fraudulent methods used in travel, identity and visa
(icao.int)
• https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/11/22/republic-act-no-8239/
THANK YOU!