e Capability of Barangay Peacekeeping

Action Team in Carmen Agusan del Norte

JONRIC A. AMBAL
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-9518
Jonric_ambal@smccnasipit.edu.ph
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit,
Agusan del Norte, Philippines

JAYSON FABE
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3496-0483
jayson_fabe@smccnasipit.edu.ph
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit,
Agusan del Norte, Philippines

ORLIE JAY S. TAGHOY

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-1044
orliejay_taghoy@smccnasipit.edu.ph
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit,
Agusan del Norte, Philippines

LOUIE U. CALLORA
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-1271
loicallora@gmail.com
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit,
Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Gunning Fog Index: 15.11 Originality: 99% Grammar Check: 99%

Flesch Reading Ease: 31.84 Plagiarism: 1%

ABSTRACT

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team individual is remarkably ordinary for law

enforcement, Criminology students, and civilian o cers. A unique technique, style,
protocol, and discipline; however, they have a similar purpose, awareness, and potential
to guard. An organization agency is the deliberate coordination of the matters to do
of some people to attain some commonplace unique motive or goal, using the skills
of the division of labor and purpose. e purpose of this study to determine the
capability of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in Caramen Agusan del Norte with
the selected barangay namely, Barangay Cahayagan, Gosoon, San Agustin, Tagcatong,
and Barangay Vinapor in Carmen Agusan del Norte. Based on the result, most of the
respondents were 41-50 years old, High School Level, and experience 3 trainings below
the Number of Training; Arnis is the Types of Training they undergo. Moreover, many
of the respondents was served 2 years and below as Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team.
On the other hand, results show no signi cant relationship between the demographic
pro le and capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in Carmen, Agusan
del Norte. Also, it was found out that there is no signi cant di erence in the capabilities
of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) as perceived by themselves and the
community.

KEYWORDS

Capability of Barangay Peace Keeping Action Team (BPAT) Law Enforcement,

Community Organization, Disaster Mitigation, Environmental Protection, Barangay
Con ict Resolution, descriptive, Philippines

INTRODUCTION

Modern wars do not erupt for reasons that are in any way unique in history.
Ethnopolitical tensions, rebel secession, and armed opposition to authoritarian regimes
continue to be signi cant concerns signi cant sources of intrastate con ict: 136 civil
wars fought since 1940, 74 aimed at gaining control of the state, and 62 at territorial
separation.4 e one possible innovation provided by armed non-state criminal groups
in Mexico and Central America, whose activities guide (Hewitt, Gurr & Wilken eld,
2012)
e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team oversees the peacekeeping operation, which
increases police visibility, which is a crucial role of the police. It would be impossible
for police visibility not to combat criminality in all instances without this peacekeeping
operation. Moreover, keeping the residents’ living harmonies in the community is the
essential ingredient of peace and order of the barangay. e implementation of peace is
the purpose of peacekeeping activities. Without it, it will be hard to keep calm and well,
increased police visibility is not possible in all situations fails to reach its goals of solving
criminality (Bayan, 2011). Further, Under the National Peace and Order Council’s
authority and the Philippine National Police, the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
was created as the primary operators to conduct a Community-Oriented Placing and
Public Safety System. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team is composed of the
PNP supervisor, the Village Chairman, Ex-O, Village Tanod (sectoral representative
and police auxiliaries), the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, conducts peacekeeping
activities in association with the various sectors of the 2 community and ensure their
continuous support towards the maintenance of peace and order and safety (Sanchez,
2017).
In the Philippines, Philippine National Police has an e ort to limit illegal
undertakings and keep peace and order. However, most of the principles are unsustainable
as these were genuinely revised variations of crime prevention concepts from speci c
countries and had been not suitable to the contemporary criminality scenario in the
Philippines (Barangay Peacekeeping Operations and Barangay Peacekeeping Action
Team Manual, 2009, Ambal, Cabilogan, Lauro, and Piramide 2019). Executive Order
(E.O.) No. 546 approved the PNP to deputize the civilians as pressure multipliers
in implementing the peace and order plan, challenging the appropriate Local Chief
Executive’s prevalence through the Local Peace and Order Council. Under the National
Peace and Order Council’s authority and PNP, organize the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team. e previous researchers, led by Ambal (2019), noted that anti-criminality
methods and requirements uphold the Philippine National Police to limit illegal tasks
and maintain peace and order. However, most of the concepts have been discovered to
be unsustainable. ese had been revised editions of crime prevention principles from
great countries and had been now not appropriate to the contemporary illegal activity
scenario in the Philippines (Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team Manual, 2009).
In the Caraga, the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team will be given by this
study the information regarding their capabilities towards implementing the rule and
regulations in their barangay and how to develop and progress to their primary task on
how to achieve peace and order in barangay. In addition, the Philippine National Police
would be given information that will be available to provide inputs to the viability
and sustainability of 3 of these policing initiatives, especially to the Carmen Municipal
Police Station in Carmen, Agusan del Norte.

FRAMEWORK

is study is anchored for Teece’s (2010) study on his dynamic concept of

capability. is theory is related to the current operations of an organization, particularly
the BPAT, which means “the ability of an agency to achieve, extend, or enlarge its
resources” (Helfat, Hoppin & Gamble, 2007). e dynamic functionality theory
concerns developing pro table corporations’ strategies to adapt to crucial exchange
while preserving minimum capability requirements to make aggressive existence. e
excellent and e cient interior coordination or integration of strategic assets may also
decide an organization’s performance. Pleasant overall performance is motivated via
speci c organizational customs for gathering and processing information involving the
Organization (Garvin, 2009).
 Further, dynamic abilities are ideal to meet new challenges. Organizations and
their members want the capability to analyze rapidly and to build strategic assets. e
strategic property includes power and community feedback by observing how the
dynamic functionality might help corporations grow in the future.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

e study’s objective is to determine the Capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping

Action Team who is residing in the urban part in Carmen, Agusan del Norte.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
is study utilized descriptive research. Studies in the school setting have utilized
descriptive inferential (Albehairey et al., 2021; Agapito et al., 2021; Alojado et al., 2020;
Barrera et al., 2020; Taculod & Arcilla, 2020; Bardenas et al., 2020; Limbago et al.,
2020; Arcilla et al., 2019; Apare et al., 2018; Arcilla et al., 2017). is design involved
describing, recording, analyzing, and interpreting the variables and the observed
situations (Best, 1998). A correlation study investigated and found out the relationship
between variables (Shield & Tajalli, 2006). rough this research, a decision could
be made to improve, maintain, and reject the focus making it practical and e cient
(Catane, 2000). e design was appropriate in determining the barangay peacekeeping
action team’s capabilities in Carmen, Agusan del Norte. We used a strati ed sampling
technique in de ning the research respondents.

Research Locale
is study was focused on the level of capabilities of BPAT in Carmen, Agusan
del Norte. Municipality of Carmen comprises of eight barangay, Barangay Tagcatong,
Barangay Cahayagan, Barangay Gosoon, Barangay Vinapor, Barangay San Agustine,
Barangay Rojales, Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Manoligao.24 Republic Act
created Carmen No. 380, which was approved on June 15, 1949. Congressman Marcos
M. Calo sponsored this law and became a town on July 1, 1949. Fulgencio Loque
and Demetria Mamba’s family were the rst Christian settlers of Kabayawa village,
now Carmen, from Jagna, Bohol, in the early 1900s. e family encounters the native.
Manobo/Higaonon tribes of the Mankalasi clan were not that di cult as the natives
were friendly. Day to day trades happen through a Barter System wherein goods and
services are directly exchanged without using any money for other goods and services,
and through this system, a parcel of lands was also being acquired. A long time ago, the
parcel of land corners planted with a Moringa tree mark and determining its boundaries
was later replaced with a concrete pin or major when the Spanish authorities assumed
control of the village settlers’ in ux of newcomers.
 As a result, locus and Mambas settled in Poblacion and the other extended families
in areas like Pacon, Quesaba, Honcolada, Malimit, and others. e Rojales and the
Jamito are located further west. While the Ebarle, Jamero, Sajor, and others Farther
west, the Rojales, and the Jamito. While the Ebarle, the Jamero, the Sajor, the Salas in
Tagcatong, and the Balmaceda in Goso-on. Carmen is from the miraculous image of
the Virgin of Mount Carmen, who believe in having been instrumental in killing the
leaders of the bandits who used to inhabit the place. e famous Jesuit priest of Agusan,
Rev. Saturnino Urios, suggested that Kabayawa changes to Carmen in honor of the
secret image. Carmen turned when the barrios of Carmen, Tagcatong, Cahayagan, and
San Agustin were detached from the municipality of Nasipit and incorporated into the
newly founded town in 1949, and it became a municipality. Republic Act 25 No. 380,
which was approved on June 15, 1949. Congressman Marcos M. Calo sponsored this
law and became a town on July 1, 1949.

Research Respondents
e Barangay peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) served as the respondents of this
study from Barangay Vinapor, Gosoon, San Agustine, Cahayagan, and Tagcatong in
Carmen Agusan del Norte. Also, Barangay Captain is one of our respondents. However,
not all Brgy. Captains were included some as well of the areas of Carmen because of
the very risk hand terrain status, Barangay Poblacion, Barangay Rojales, and Barangay
Manoligao.

Table 1: Distribution of Respondents

Population Sample
BARANGAY Commu- BPAT Total Community BPAT Total
nity
F F F f % f % F %

Brgy. Cahayagan 2549 20 2569 84 21.71 20 21.05 104 21.76

Brgy. Gosoon 2025 20 2045 66 17.05 20 21.05 86 17.99

Brgy. San Agustin 1343 15 1358 44 11.37 15 15.79 59 11.51

Brgy. Tagcatong 2447 20 2467 80 20.67 20 21.05 100 20.92
Brgy. Vinapor 3429 20 3447 113 29.20 20 21.06 133 27.82
Total 11,793 95 11,888 387 100 95 100 482 100

Research Instrument
e data source came from the respondents’ answers in an adopted questionnaire
from the study of Ambal et al. (2019). Also, the survey questionnaire comprises of two
(2) major parts, namely: Part I, aimed at determining the demographic pro le of the
respondents through gathering data about their details like name, (optional) gender,
civil status, age, and shape, category of respondents, years of service, training attended
and educational attainment. It will contain the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s
demographic pro le and include question items designed to obtain answers or replies
that pertain to the capability of in rural barangays of Carmen, Agusan del Norte. Part II
consists of question items designed to get answers to or answer related to the capabilities
of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in Carmen Agusan del Norte. Second, did
the questionnaire of the capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team with
validation from an expert, which comprises 25 items.

Ethical Standards
e researchers sent a letter addressing each urban barangay of Carmen, Agusan del
Norte, asking for the approval that this research included the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team member. en, after the support of the Captained of each urban
Barangay of Carmen, Agusan del Norte, the researchers explained and discussed to
the respondents in a vernacular manner what the study is all about and made them
understand the bene ts that they will receive. e respondents also know that the data
or information that the researcher obtained are con dential as the researchers follow
protocol. Researchers discussed the content of the study thoroughly in response to their
own choice. e researchers observed and respected the respondents’ rights with good
ethics, and an approachable manner in giving the respondents ease and hustle-free upon
answering the questionnaire. e respondents put their signature after they answered
the informed consent upon receiving the questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before conducting any data gathering activities, pertinent papers for endorsement
to gain permission were established. Regarding primary data collected via survey, proper
coordination with the Barangay Captains and o cials of the barangays mentioned
above and respondent groups to develop the survey’s orderly conduct. e researchers
retrieved the questionnaire and summarized the data through the presented data in
tabulated form. Respondents had enough time to answer the survey questionnaire
intelligently and guarantee the utmost con dentiality of their responses; they submitted
the manuscript draft to the thesis adviser for checking and correction. e researchers
observed the following step-by-step procedures in gathering data.
Step 1. Letter of Request. Sent a request letter to the respective barangay of Carmen,
where the BPAT and the community are the respondents of this study with the approval
of the research adviser.
Step 2. Distribution of Questionnaire. e questionnaires were distributed to
Carmen Agusan del Norte’s chosen Barangay together with the informed consent form.
Step 3. Gathering of Questionnaire. e questionnaires were collected one by one
once the respondents completed them, and the researchers scrutinized them to ensure
that they were lled up with needed data.
Step 4. Consolidating Data. e data collected were checked, tailed, tabulated,
presented, analyzed, and interpreted using statistical tools.

Statistical Treatment
e researchers used the following statistical tools and techniques in presenting,
analyzing, and interpreting the data: Frequency and Percentage were: Used this tool
to identify the demographic pro le of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in
Carmen, Agusan del Norte. Weighted mean was: Used this tool to identify the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team’s Capability among the urban Barangays of Carmen, Agusan
del Norte. It answered problem number 2.29 Pearson Correlation was: is tool used
this tool to determine the signi cant relationship between the strengths and weaknesses
and the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s capability. Chi-Square was: Used this
tool to determine the signi cant di erence in the capabilities of BPAT as perceived by
themselves and the community.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Table 2: Distribution of the Respondents as to Age

Age F %
Less than 30 years old 19 20.00
31-40 years old 5 5.26
41-50 years old 66 69.48
51 years old and above 5 5.26
Total 95 100

Table 2 shows the age of the respondents. Further, it indicates that there are sixty-
six (66) or 69.48% of the ninety- ve respondents belong to the 41-50 years old, with
the nineteen (19) or 20.00% of the respondents that belong to less than 30 years old,
with the level of No.2; ve (5) or 5.26% of the respondents that belong to 31-40 years
old; ve (5) or 5.26% of the respondents that belong to 51 years old above, with the
same. erefore, most respondents are 41-50 years old of Barangay Peacekeeping Action
Team (BPAT) of Barangay Cahayagan, Gosoon, San Agustin, Tagcatong, and Barangay
Vinapor in Carmen Agusan del Norte. e majority of the respondents were 41-50
years old. Individual variables such as age, gender, and race in uence association within
groups, place urbanity, and geographic location.
Understanding how the relationship between generation and allostatic load
di ers according to such individual characteristics across the life e training will be
critical in ensuring that the allostatic load concept can be applied e ectively across the
entire population, as well as in formulating rules and procedures programs to reduce
inequalities that are e ective across these characteristics (Galang, 2017). Approaches
to community practice and organizing provide practitioners with guidance about
practicing practice based on practice wisdom and various conceptualizations of practice
(Lee, 2001, omas et al., 2011).

Table 3: Distribution of the Respondents as to Educational Attainment

Educational Attainment F %
Elementary Level 2 2.10
Elementary Graduate 2 2.10
High School Level 60 63.16
High School Graduate 21 22.11
College Level 10 10.53
College Graduate 0 0
Total 95 100

Table 3 shows the Educational Attainment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action

Team (BPAT) of Barangay Cahayagan, Gosoon, San Agustin, Tagcatong, and Barangay
Vinapor in Carmen Agusan del Norte. Further, the data shows that there are sixty
(60) or 63.16% of the respondents are high school level, with the; twenty-one (21) or
22.11% of the respondents are high school graduates, with the; ten (10) or 10.53%
of the respondents are college level, with the; two (2) or 2.10% of the respondents
are elementary graduates; two (2) or 2.10 of the respondents are elementary levels,
with the same; zero (0) or 0 of the respondents are college graduate, with the rank.
erefore, most respondents are High School Level of Barangay Peacekeeping Action
Team (BPAT) of Barangay Cahayagan, Gosoon, San Agustin, Tagcatong, and Barangay
Vinapor in Carmen Agusan del Norte.
e majority of the respondents are High School Level. Achieving education
cares about the consequences of people’s society and promotes activity in society and
strength. It is not clear what the measure of di erent beings is Capital additionally
relates to community outcomes. Evidence assisting the standard degree of participation
of education at individuals, they have higher con dence in others. Knowledge and
the accumulation of competition are increasingly un nished after formal education;
however, trade with the existence cycle and education, related to work and other
experiences. us, it is cast o from the two-person attachments and a man’s level of
schooling (Buerger & Levin, 2005). One of the foremost challenges that human resource
managers stumble upon is how to educate their o cers to meet the cultural and diverse
rms that they will come upon (Coderoni, 2002). Human resource departments will
fund coaching to inform their o cers if there is a substantial populace of a di erent
jovial crew within their neighborhood or vicinity of trouble (Tate, 2006).
Table 4: Distribution of the Respondents as to Number of Training
Number of Training F %
None 3 3.16
ree pieces of training below 86 90.53
4-6 parts of training 6 6.31
7-10 aspects of training 0 0
11 elements of movement and above 0 0
Total 95 100

Table 4 displays the percentage and frequency distribution of Educational

Attainment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) of Barangay Cahayagan,
Gosoon, San Agustin, Tagcatong, and Barangay Vinapor in Carmen Agusan del Norte.
Further, the data shows there are eighty-six (86), or 90.53% of the respondents belong
to the three pieces of training below, with the; six (6) or 6.31% of the respondents
belong to the 4-6 pieces of activity, with the; three (3) or 3.16% of the respondents that
belong to none, with the; zero (0) or 0% belong to 7-10 pieces of training; zero (0) or
0% belongs to 11 parts of training and above.
erefore, most of the respondents were modifying three training pieces below the
number of training pieces of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) of Barangay
Cahayagan, Gosoon, San Agustin Tagcatong, and Barangay Vinapor in Carmen Agusan
del Norte. Most of the respondent were three pieces of training below the number
of pieces of training. Training and awareness programs allow old new employees to
gain the necessary skills to perform their responsibilities within the organization.
ese programs may include orientation for new employees or other activities such as
workshops, scenario-based rule plays, brie ngs, intranet or magazine articles, posters,
meetings, focus groups, or quizzes. e goal is to encourage them to accept personal
responsibility for security and equip them to make judgment calls that procedure cannot
always predict (CPNI, 2010). An organization agency is the deliberate coordination of
the matters to do of some people for the attainment of some commonplace unique
motive or goal, using the skills of the division of labor and purpose, and through a
hierarchy of authority and obligation” (Schein, 2010).

Table 5: Distribution of the Respondents as to Type of Training

Type of Training F %
None 5 5.26
Taekwondo 2 2.11
Karate 2 2.11
Mix Martial Arts 24 25.26
Jodo 0 0
Arnis 62 65.26
Total 95 100
 Table 5 displays the percentage and frequency distribution of Educational
Attainment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) of Barangay Cahayagan,
Gosoon, San Agustin, Tagcatong, and Barangay Vinapor in Carmen Agusan del Norte.
Further, the data shows there are sixty-two (62) or 65.26% of the respondents belong to
the Arnis, with the; twenty-four (24) or 25.26% of the respondents that belong to Mix
Martial Arts, with the; ve (5) or 5.26% of the respondents that belong to None, with
them; two (2) or 2.11% of the respondents belong to Taekwondo; two (2) or 2.11% of
the respondents that belongs to Karate, with the same; zero (0) or 0% belongs to Jodo,
with the. erefore, most of the respondents were Arnis of the types of training pieces
of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT).
e result aligned with Crismundo’s (2017) statement that most of the respondents
were Arnis of the types of training pieces. In Tagalog, Agusan del Sur, e Philippine
National Police (PNP) began out training in Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams
(BPATS) of their respective areas of obligation (AOR) who will be their companions in
the combat in the path of crime. Chief Supt. Roland B. Felix, director of the northeastern
vicinity e Mindanao Police Regional O ce 13(PRO 13), ordered all police chiefs
to a di er of Municipal Police Station (MPS) to educate BPATs for the residents are
aware of the problems of barangay o cials. e police chief referred to “ e local’s
Communities, in special BPATs have the extraordinary characteristic that helps our
police control crimes. Talacogon MPS Chief of Police Senior Inspector Guillermo Ibale,
Jr. He returned to his new BPATs teaching at Talacogon Gymnasium in Barangay Isidro
(Crismundo, 2017).

Table 6: Distribution of the Respondents as to the Number of Years as Barangay

Peacemaking Action Team
Number of Years as Barangay Peacemaking Action Team F %
Two years and below 86 90.53
3-5 years 8 8.42
6-10 years 0 0
11 years above 1 1.05
Total 95 100

Table 6 displays the percentage and frequency distribution of Educational

Attainment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) of Barangay Cahayagan,
Gosoon, San Agustin, Tagcatong, and Barangay Vinapor in Carmen Agusan del Norte.
Further, the data shows there are eighty-six (86), or 90.53% of the respondents belong
to the two years and below, with the; eight (8) or 8.42% of the respondents that
belong to 3-5 years, with the; one (1) or 1.05% of the respondents that belong to 11
years above, with the; zero (0) or 0% belongs to 6-10 years, with the. erefore, most
respondents are two years and below the number of years as Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team (BPAT). Most of the respondents were two years and below the number
of years as Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team. Every person, especially law enforcers,
criminology students, and civilian volunteer o cers. A di erent technique, style,
etiquette, and discipline have the same purpose; awareness and the ability to protect
themselves. Individual and team performance can be improved by training activities,
according to proven evidence. Activities for training can also be bene cial regarding
other outcomes at both the individual and team levels (Teves, 2013).
e dreams of neighborhood policing limit crime and disorder, promote
civilians’ rst-rate existence in a community; decrease the fear of crime, and decorate
the police-civilian members of the family are the three key factors that contribute
to accomplishing these goal neighborhood engagements, problem-solving and
organizational transformation. Community engagement should perform by stimulating
and encouraging residents to prevent crime and discourtesy. Problem-solving ought
to examine real concerns for these citizens, not the police, emphasized as priorities.
Organizational adjustments encompass decentralization of the authority, relationships
between police o cers and the community they serve, and several forms of joint
meetings, education, counseling, and concrete activities (Fridell, 2004).

Table 7: Level of Capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in terms of Law
Enforcement
Weighted Verbal
Law Enforcement
Mean Description
1. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.31 Agree
can arrest o enders.
2. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.30 Agree
can apply their training performing on their duty.
3. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.35 Agree
can protect the crime scene.
4. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.51 Strongly
can conduct a roving in their respective barangay. Agree
5. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.34 Agree
can perform tra c enforcement.
Average Weighted Mean 3.36 Agree

Table 7 shows the capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team based on
the results in the table above. is supports that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action
Team can be reliable on the level of Law Enforcement. Further, the data shows with the
highest weighted mean of 3.51, with verbal description for strongly agree; with verbal
description for agreeing; with the weighted mean of 3.34, with verbal description for
agreeing; with the weighted mean of 3.3, with verbal description for agreeing; lastly,
with the weighted mean of 3.30, with verbal description for approving. is means
that is Capability of BPAT in Carmen is often manifested. erefore, the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team, the Community, has a capable performance regarding the
Law Enforcement utilizing maintaining the peace and order of their community.
Further, Law enforcement is a unique responsibility and makes decisions based on
numerous factors and outside in uences (Hoppin, 2006). Many agencies face further
di culties in that they must have a diverse workforce (East, 2003). Law enforcement is
held to higher standards in many circumstances because they are a government or state-
run operation (Fine, 2005).

Table 8: Level of Capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in terms of

Community Organization
Community Organization Weighted Verbal
Mean Description
1. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.28 Agree
encourages the community or the public to participate in crime
prevention.
2. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.32 Agree
has a good relationship with the other government agencies,
LGUs, and NGOs regarding the peace and order situation in the
community.
3. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.26 Agree
able to conduct seminars community programs.
4. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.29 Agree
initiates anti-criminality programs/projects in partnership with
the LGU’s, barangay o cials, and the community.
5. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.36 Agree
cooperates with the community in maintaining peace and order
in the barangay.
Average Weighted Mean 3.30 Agree

Table 8 shows the level of Community organization. Barangay Peacekeeping

Action Team is capable based on the results on the table above. is supports that
the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team can be reliable on the level of Community
organization. Further, the data shows the with the highest weighted mean of 3.36, with
verbal description for agree; with the weighted mean of 3.32, with verbal description for
agreeing; with the weighted mean of 3.29, with verbal description for agreeing; with the
weighted mean 3.28, with verbal description for approving; and lastly with the weighted
mean 3.26, with verbal description for agreeing.
is means that is Capability of BPAT in Carmen is often manifested. e result
infers that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, the Community, and barangay
o cials can perform in the Community Organization by cooperating as members of
society. In terms of a eld of practice in which residents participate in collaborative
action regarding social issues of mutual concern. Most often, the intent is to change
policies regarding local issues, including improvements in public safety (Speer et al.,
2003).

Table 9: Level of Capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in terms of

Disaster Mitigation
Disaster Mitigation Weighted Verbal
Mean Description

1. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.41 Agree

can assist medical and health services to the victims.
2. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.35 Agree
can assist rst-aid victims in the disaster area.
3. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.33 Agree
can perform the proper rescue operation during a ood disaster
operation.
4. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod 3.37 Agree
can assist the disaster victims or potential victims to other
grounds.
5. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team 3.35 Agree
(BPAT)/CVO/Tanod can assist the programs covering all
preventable disasters.
Average Weighted Mean 3.36 Agree

Table 9 shows the level of Disaster Management of the Barangay Peacekeeping

Action Team, the Community, and barangay o cials. Further, the data shows the with
the highest weighted mean of 3.41, with verbal description for agree; with the weighted
mean of 3.37, with verbal description for agreeing; rank 3 question with the same
weighted mean 3.35, with verbal description for agreeing; with the weighted mean
3.33, with verbal description for approving. is means that is Capability of BPAT in
Carmen is often manifested.
e result aligned to the statement of Gougelet R. M. (2015), with an average
weighted mean of a total of 3.36 interpretations for agreeing. Disaster mitigation
includes a wide variety of measures taken before an event occurs to prevent illness,
injury, and death and limit property loss. e criteria to cope with the possible dangers
made in disaster preparedness, especially in communities where disaster risk reduction
(DRR) and disaster risk management (DRM) are targeted at e orts focused only on
addressing disaster events. Moreover, the comprehensive rehabilitation and recovery
plan (CRRP) was only approved the year after. Relief assistance mostly came from
non-governmental organizations and humanitarian groups. Causes for delays were
pinpointed to bureaucratic processes across intervening government agencies. In terms
of housing programs, the limited number of engineers or skilled technical personnel
slowed down the agenda in at least 14 towns of Leyte, which were classi ed as fourth-
and fth-income classes (Rufo, 2013). Further, the Yolanda case coincided with the
usual constraints on LGU disaster response, which pertained to ine ective planning
and implementation, overlapping responsibilities with various institutions, ambiguous
communication and dissemination methods, weak inter-organizational coordination,
and ignorance of established disaster plans (Kusumasari et al. 2010).

Table 10: Level of Capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in terms of
Environmental Protection
Environmental Protection Weighted Verbal
Mean Description
1. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod can 3.32 Agree
conduct community cleaning programs.
2. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod can 3.24 Agree
conduct coastal cleaning programs.
3. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod can 3.26 Agree
conduct tree-planting programs.
4. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod can 3.33 Agree
conduct waste management activities.
5. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/Tanod can 3.36 Agree
conduct environment protection symposiums.
Average Weighted Mean 3.30 Agree

Table 10 shows the level of Environment Protection of the Barangay Peacekeeping

Action Team, the Community, and barangay o cials. Further, the data shows the with
the highest weighted mean of 3.36, with verbal description for agree; with the weighted
mean of 3.33, with verbal description for agreeing; with the weighted mean 3.32, with
verbal description for agreeing; with the weighted mean of 3.26, with verbal description
for agreeing; with the weighted mean 3.24, with verbal description for approving.
is means that is Capability of BPAT in Carmen is often manifested. erefore,
Environment Protection with an average weighted means with a total of 3.30, with
verbal description for agreeing.
e result infers that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, the Community,
and barangay o cials have a capable performance regarding the Environment
Protection by doing their job to maintain the cleanliness of their surroundings. e
result parallels the statement of Nikolić (2011), with an average weighted mean with a
total of 3.30 interpretation for agree, the practice of protecting the natural environment
of individuals, organizations, and governments. Environmental protection requires
a long-term and unique public decision-making process, ensuring the development
of consciousness about compromises between Nature and the Community. Further,
environmental protection e orts on rms’ market values using China’s carbon emission
rights trading scheme (CERTS) as an exogenous shock. We nd that the environmental
policy of CERTS increases the market values of rms in the environment industry,
the e orts of rms on ecological protection further enhance their market values, and
the market values of rms located in the regions with CERTS are further improved.
us, our ndings suggest that rms in the environment industry could improve their
market values and bene t by strengthening their environmental protection activities.
Finally, we o er a vital policy implication that the government should enact appropriate
policies to enhance the activities of rms on ecological protection and the sustainable
development of the economy (Sons & Wiley, 2012).

Table 11: Level of Capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in terms of
Barangay Con ict Resolution
Barangay Con ict Resolution Weighted Description
Mean Verbal
1. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/ 3.32 Agree
Tanod can serve as deterrence of the residence of the barangay.
2. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/ 3.36 Agree
Tanod can administer barangay con ict resolution.
3. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/ 3.35 Agree
Tanod can take charge of barangay con ict resolution.
4. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/ 3.38 Agree
Tanod can reprimand those persons in arguments.
5. e Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)/CVO/ 3.38 Agree
Tanod can guide or model a barangay to have a smooth
community.
Average Weighted Mean 3.36 Agree

Table 11 shows the level of Barangay Con ict Resolutions of the capability of
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in Community. Further, the data shows the with
the same highest weighted mean of 3.38, with verbal description for agree; with a
weighted mean of 3.36, with verbal description for agreeing; with the weighted mean
3.35, with verbal description for agreeing; with the weighted mean 3.32, with verbal
description for approving. is means that is Capability of BPAT in Carmen is often
manifested.
e result aligned to the statement Cloke & Goldsmith (2000), with an average
weighted, mean a total of 3.36 interpretation for agreeing, Barangay con ict resolution,
in every community, produces a culture of con ict, a complex set of words, ideas, values,
behaviors, attitudes, standards, customs, and rules that powerfully in uence how its
members think about and respond to con ict. Cultures of war are shaped in and by our
social experiences. e Barangay Con ict Resolution, the Lupon Tagapamayapa (L.T.)
of the two barangays in Sarangani Province-Barangay Baliton in Glan and Barangay
Upo Maitum-were studied as to the skills and strategies they employ in resolving petty
con icts as a means of communication towards building peace in the community. Using
qualitative content analysis, multiple data sources were used, namely FGD, KII, Venn
Diagram, and Observation with video and note-taking. In verbal communication,
the L.T. used carefully chosen words, aphorism, rhetorical question, and analogy; In
contrast, in non-verbal communication, the L.T. regulated the tone and volume of
the voice, used appropriate hand gestures and eye contact (Caday, Jumalon, & Pelima,
2018).

Table 12: Summary on Level of Capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
Level of Capability of the Barangay Weighted Verbal
Peacekeeping Action Team Mean Interpretation
Law Enforcement 3.36 Agree
Community Organization 3.30 Agree
Disaster Mitigation 3.36 Agree
Environmental Protection 3.30 Agree
Barangay Con ict Resolution 3.36 Agree
Average Weighted Mean 3.34 Agree

Table 12 shows the level of the capability of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
as a Law Enforcement, Community Organization, Disaster Mitigation, Environmental
Protection, and Barangay Con ict Resolution in Carmen Agusan del Norte. Further,
the highest weighted mean among the ve with the same weighted mean of 3.36 is
the Law Enforcement, Disaster Mitigation, and Barangay Con ict Resolution with the
interpretation of agree. And lastly, the two with the same weighted mean of 3.30, the
Community Organization and Environmental Protection, with the performance of
agree. is means that is Capability of BPAT in Carmen is often manifested.
e result parallels the statement, with the total average weighted mean 3.34
interpretation of agree. is section presented di erent views from related studies
of the dependent variable and independent variable on the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team’s capabilities of barangay peacekeeping action team in Carmen Agusan
del Norte, which gauge through legislation enforcement, neighborhood organization,
disaster mitigation, environmental protection, Barangay ghting resolution (Barangay
Peacekeeping Operations and Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team Manual, 2009).
Table 13: Test on Relationship between the Pro le of the BPAT and their Level of
Capability
Variable 1 Variable 2 Correlation p-value Decision Interpretation
Coe cient
Age .280 .006 Reject ere is a strong link between
age and intelligence and the
capability of the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team.
Educational -.190 .066 Accept ere is a signi cant
attainment Level of relationship between the
Capability educational attainment and
capability of the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team.
Number of -.129 .212 Accept ere is a link between the
training number of people and the
amount of money they have
the training and the capability
of the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team.
Type of .165 .110 Accept ere is a signi cant
training relationship between the type
of training and the capability
of the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team.
Number .149 .149 Accept ere is a link between the
of years as number of people and the
BPAT amount of money they have for
years, and the capability of the
Barangay Peacekeeping Action
Team.

Table 13 shows the correlation between Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams’

pro le and their level of capability. e correlation between age and ability level has a
coe cient of .280 with a signi cance of .006 (p-value < 0.05). In contrast, educational
attainment and level of capability have a correlational coe cient of -.190 with a value of
.066 (p-value >0.05), several training and level of power has a correlational coe cient of
-.129 with a signi cance of .212 (p-value >0.05), type of training and level of capability
has a correlational coe cient of .165 with a value of .110 (p-value >0.05). e number
of years as BPAT and power level has a correlational coe cient of .149 with a signi cance
of .149 (pvalue >0.05).
Among all correlations, only the correlation between age and level of capability
has a p-value more signi cant than the signi cance of ∝= 0.05, which rejects the
null hypothesis; therefore, there is a substantial relationship between the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Teams’ age their level of capability. e correlation between age and
capability level has a coe cient of .280 with a signi cance of .006 (p-value < 0.05). e
PNP must enhance its operational procedures on community safety and security system
to address criminality, Internal Security Operation (ISO), and terrorism problems by
establishing Neighborhood Support Groups (NSG) through Village Peacekeeping
Action Team (BPAT) operatives, peace partners, and friends to achieve peace and order
throughout the country (Lopez, 2013).
BPAT conducts community-based information campaigns and activities supporting
the PNP’s internal security operation, anti-criminality e ort, disaster management,
and control program (Delgado, 2011). Whereas educational attainment and level of
capability have a correlational coe cient of -.190 with a signi cance of .066 (p-value
>0.05), community participation is the cornerstone of community-oriented policing.
Initiatives are based totally on the presumption that neighborhood contributors will be
both inclined and capable of responding to a neighborhood policing initiative. However,
reviews of past enterprises have found that responses uctuate appreciably. Some groups
may also be apprehensive or unappreciative of an improved police presence, and others
indeed can also now not have the assets to work with the police. Such challenges
in interacting with the broader community to guide and participate in community
policing recognize in various U.S. reviews (Brody, Godschalk, 2003). e number of
training and capability levels has a correlational coe cient of -.129 with a signi cance
of .212 (p-value >0.05).
However, it has been observed that third to sixth-class municipalities experienced
inequitable fund distribution; hence the LGUs were forced to take care of themselves
and rehabilitate independently. In a case study in Guiuan, the signi cant variables
which a ected the community’s grounding of disaster preparedness were proximity to
a hospital, access to health insurance, availability of electricity and information sources,
particularly in the island communities of the area, and weak emergency evacuation
centers (Campanero & Egargo, 2017). e type of training and capability level has a
coe cient of .165 with a signi cance of .110 (p-value >0.05). In addition, universal
availability, voluntary Nature, comprehensiveness, payment limitation, tailoring to
individual farms, and inclusion of training. ere has been a high level of adoption,
with participation being most signi cant in the small farm west with its cattle and sheep
enterprises (Emerson & Gillmor Land, 2010). e number of years as BPAT and level
of capability has a correlational coe cient of .149 with a signi cance of .149 (p-value
>0.05). Further, since time immemorial, humans have been increasingly com petting
for the sake of natural resources. eir existence and accessibility have been utilized to
wield power and authority, in uence and execute policies and decisions a ecting public
life and economic and social development. An uncountable series of con icts took place
because of their disputed access. As early as 2200 BC1, humans tried to document and
legalize to establish resource rights, maps, a geographic representation of the world that
has since been regarded as an o cial reference, were used. (Callosa-Tar & Rambaldi,
2010).

Table 14: Test on Di erence on the Capabilities of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
  Chi-Square df Asymp.Sig Decision Conclusion
Law Enforcement 946.402 4 .000  Reject
Community
Organization 661.884 3 .000 Reject ere is a signi cant
Disaster Mitigation 607.344 3 .000  Reject di erence in the
Barangay Peacekeeping
Environmental Action Team (BPAT) as
Protection 689.685 3 .000 Reject perceived by themselves
Barangay Con ict and the community.
Resolution 551.660 3 .000 Reject

Table 14 shows the chi-square test in determining the signi cant di erences in
the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) as perceived by themselves and the
community. e model statistically demonstrated the signi cance of the variables,
i.e. (1) Law Enforcement ( = .000), Community Organization ( = .000), Disaster
Mitigation ( = .000), Environmental Protection ( = .000), and Barangay Con ict
Resolution ( = .000). Moreover, it shows that the result is signi cant with the p-value
lesser than the ∝= 0.05.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusive statements were drawn based on the ndings of the study. It built out
that the majority age of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team ranges from 41-50 years
old, High school level, they attended their training three and below on Arnis type of
training and most of them rendered service two years. e result infers that the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team, Law Enforcement, Community Organization, Disaster
Mitigation, Environmental Protection, and Barangay Con ict Resolution are the same
result: the Capability of BPAT in Carmen is often manifested. ere is no correlation
between the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s demographics and income pro le
and capability in Carmen, Agusan del Norte. erefore, there is no signi cant di erence
in the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) perceived by themselves and the
community. ey can distinguish dynamic capabilities from operating capabilities
related to the current operations of an organization. e result agreed that dynamic
capabilities, comparing, mean “the organization’s capacity to achieve, extend, or increase
its resources” (Helfat et al., 2007). e dynamic capability theory concerns developing
strategies for successful organizations to adapt to essential change while maintaining
minimum capability standards to ensure competitive existence. In addition, the
functional and e cient internal coordination or integration of strategic assets may also
determine an organization’s performance.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the information provided, the following suggestions are made ndings
and conclusions generated in the study.
e researchers recommend strengthening community commitment and
participation on the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams through the accreditation
of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) with the Philippine National Police.
Solicitation of support from the Local Government Units, Non - Government
Organizations, and the local businessmen for skill enhancement and capability of
BPAT members necessary to deliver peace and order and public safety services in their
respective barangay.
e researcher recommended that law enforcement levels give incentives like
insurance and free hospitalization to all Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams.
Recommended also to have constant coordination with the Local Police to monitor
peace and order in the community. Such a liation will be bene cial to their working
relations in ensuring the security of the people. To uphold the capability of the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Teams to render security services, it is also recommended to hold
an annual seminar and training. ey should enhance their character as public servants
and establish camaraderie and good relationships among them.

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