Duct Designing

Ahmad Hassan
 General Rule
Ducts should be straight -1
Avoid sudden change in the duct direction-2
Avoid sudden enlargement or sudden contraction-3
Avoid unequally long ducts -4
Avoid larger angles than 20° at convergence or -5
divergence
Avoid higher pressures and velocities in the ducts -6
General Rules
Duct Designing Methods
Continued
 Calculation of Duct dimensions

• Calculate the volume (V) of the space

• Calculate volume flow rate Qdot = Vx ACH/3600
• Fix the velocity (v) and find area of duct A=Qdot /v where v is
the velocity of the air
• Fix aspect ratio (AR=W/H) and find out width of the duct by
definition A=WxH= ARxHxH, H=sqrt(A/AR0
• Find height of the duct by H=W/AR
• Repeat the procedure for each of the ducts
Equal Friction Method
Continued
Continued
Static Region Method
Static Region Method
Fan Power Calculation

FTP= Friction Pressure drop + Dynamic Pressure

drop

For widely used GI sheet duct, the frictional pressure

drop for air at 20 °C and 1 atm
pressure is

Rectangular Ducts
Chart for Estimating Frictional Pressure drop
in GI pipes
Dynamic Pressure Losses
Turn Around
Pressure Drop in Branch Take-offs and Entries,
Cu-d, Cu-b, Cb-d found in tables
Pressure Drops During Sudden Expansion
 Minor Loss Coefficient
Component or Fitting

90o bend, sharp 1.3

90o bend, with vanes 0.7

90o bend, rounded

0.5
radius/diameter duct <1

90o bend, rounded

0.25
radius/diameter duct >1

45o bend, sharp 0.5

45o bend, rounded

0.2
radius/diameter duct <1

45o bend, rounded

0.05
radius/diameter duct >1

T, flow to branch
0.3
(applied to velocity in branch)

Flow from duct to room 1.0

Flow from room to duct 0.35

Enlargement, abrupt
(due to speed before reduction) 2
)v2 / v1 - 1(
(v1= velocity before enlargement and v2 = velocity after enlargement)

Enlargement, tapered angle < 8o

(due to speed before reduction) 2
)v2 / v1 - 1( 0.15
(v1= velocity before enlargement and v2 = velocity after enlargement)

Enlargement, tapered angle > 8o

(due to speed before reduction) 2
)v2 / v1 - 1(
(v1= velocity before enlargement and v2 = velocity after enlargement)