Building Technology 1

Building Materials

Module 5

Paints
Palevino, Marinet O. uap
Faculty Member
Architecture Department, T.I.P.
Q.C.
Module 5-Finishing
Materials

Intended Learning
Outcomes

•  Characterize the
finishing materials
according to their
application.
• Specify the required
finishing material by area
of application.
Paints
L I Q U I D S U R F A C E C O AT I N G
DRIED IN A THIN FILM FORM

C L A S S I F I C AT I O N S :

1. OIL

2 . WA T E R

3. CEMENT

4. BITUMINOUS

5. SPECIAL
 1. TO PROTECT THE COAT SURFACE
AGAINST POSSIBLE STRESS
2. DETERIORATION

Why do we use
3. DECORATION
4. CHECK PENETRATION OF WATER

paint? 5. CHECK THE CORROSION OF METAL

STRUCTURES

6. CHECK THE DECAY OF WOOD

7. VARNISHING
How would you know if the paint applied
is ideal? (cite 2)
• CHEAP & ECONOMICAL 
• I M P E RV I O U S T O A I R & WAT E R
• U N I F O R M LY S P R E A D
• HIGH COVERAGE
• GOOD WORKABILITY &
DURABILITY
• SUFFICIENT ELASTICITY
 Base Vehicle

Pigments Solvents

Paint
Driers Adultrants
Compositions
Base
M A K E S T H E M I X T U R E O PA Q U E

EXAMPLES:

• LEAD

• RED OXIDE

• ZINC WHITE

• ALUMINUM POWDER

• IRON OXIDE
Vehicle
HOLDS THE CONSTITUENTS OF
PAINTS IN SUSPENSION & HELPS
SPREAD IT OVER THE SURFACE TO BE
PAINTED
EXAMPLES:
•LINSEED OIL
•NUT OIL
•POPPY OIL
•TUNG OIL
Pigments
I M PA R T S D E S I R E D C O L O R , I M P R O V E
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS MAKING IT
P O S S I B L E T O PA I N T V E R T I C A L LY &
U N E V E N S U R F A C E S S M O O T H LY

EXAMPLES:

• N AT U R A L : W H I T E C H A L K ,
M A S T I C S , G R AY G R A P H I T E , D R Y
YELLOW OCHRE

• A RT I F I C I A L : T I TA N I U M D I O X I D E ,
ZINC WHITE, LEAD WHITE,
LITHOPHONE, CHROME OXIDE, RED
LEAD
Solvents
INCREASES THE SPREAD OF
PA I N T , M A K I N G I T W O R K A B L E
WITH CONSISTENCY

EXAMPLES:

• PETROLEUM

• NAPTHA

• TURPENTINE OIL
Driers
 C AT A LY S T F O R O X I D AT I O N

 P O LY M E R I Z AT I O N

 C O N D E N S AT I O N O F T H E
V E H I C L E I N PA I N T

EXAMPLES:

• OXIDIZED LEAD

• L E A D   A C E T AT E

• READ LEAD

• MANGANESE DIOXIDE

• C O L B A LT

• L E A D C H R O M AT E

• ZINC
Adultrants
REDUCE THE WEIGHT &
INCREASE THE DURABILITY OF
PA I N T

EXAMPLES:

• B A R I U M S U L P H AT E

• C A L C I U M C A R B O N AT E

• M A G N E S I U M S I L I C AT E
Coverage
Type Surface Sq.m/liter

Lead Priming Coat Wood/ metal work 10

Undercoat Flat Surface 11

Gloss Paint Flat Surface 11

Enamel Flat Surface 11

Varnish (1st Coat) Flat Surface 12

Varnish (2nd coat) Flat Surface 15

Application of Paint
C O N C R E T E , W O O D , M E TA L
Concrete (New Surface)
Surface
Preparation

1st Coat

Drying and
Sanding

Apply Putty

Final coal
(as Desired)
 Concrete (Old Surface)
Efflorescent,
Chalking Blistering, Glossy Surface Fungus
Cracking & Faking
• Clean • Scrap off • Remove all • Remove Fungus
• Rub with emery • Primer Gloss (emery • Apply Fungicidal
Paper • Apply 1-2  paper) • Coating
• Apply Coats cOATS • Coating
• Rub with emery
paper
• Final Coat
Wood (New Surface)
Surface
Knotting 
Preparation

Prime
Stopping
Coating

KNOTTING
• O R D I N A R Y- R E D L E A D / L I N S E E D O I L
• LIME- COVERED W/ LIME FOR 24
HRS
• PAT T E N T- 2 C O AT S O F
VA R N I S H / S H E L L A C
Wood (Old)
MIXED WITH MORE PIGMENT FOR
MORE PROTECTION

EXAMPLES:

• WHITE LEAD COMBINED W

Z I N C O X I D E & M O D E R AT E
AMOUNT OF FILLER SUCH AS
B A RY T E S O R S I L I C A

• T I N T E D PA I N T S

• ENAMELS
Metal (New)
Preparation
(Rust, granis,
Scales, Grease)

Priming

1st-2nd Coat
Metal (Old)
 Scrape scales
and rust, grease,
old paint

Hot Linseed oIl

1st-2nd Coat
 Structural
Steel 
D I R E C T LY A P P LY O V E R T H E
S U R FA C E  

• RED LEAD

• PURE LINSEED OIL

• G R A P H I T E PA I N T

• SILICA-GRAPHITE

• A L U M I N U M PA I N T
Paint Defects (On Background)
Dampness
Cleanliness
Movement
Chemical Reaction
Paint Defects (On Weather)
Blistering &
Peeling
Checking
Cracking
Flaking
Crazing
Chalking
Wrinkling
Alligatoring Crocodilling
Paint Defects (On Weather)
Mildew

Bloom
Flashing
Grinning