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    Fusarium oxysporum is a fungus that causes disease in banana plants. Its spores can survive in soil for over 20 years. The fungus infects the plant's root cortex and spreads through the xylem, absorbing nutrients and killing the plant within 3-7 months. In the 1950s, it was first observed in Australia and has since infected thousands of hectares of land. The Cavendish banana, which is currently the main commercial banana, is resistant to the first two strains of the fungus that killed the Gros Michel banana but is susceptible to a fourth strain. Data from Taiwan shows banana cultivation dropping from 50,000 hectares in the 1960s to just 6,000 hectares by 2000, suggesting the

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    Fusarium oxysporum is a fungus that causes disease in banana plants. Its spores can survive in soil for over 20 years. The fungus infects the plant's root cortex and spreads through the xylem, absorbing nutrients and killing the plant within 3-7 months. In the 1950s, it was first observed in Australia and has since infected thousands of hectares of land. The Cavendish banana, which is currently the main commercial banana, is resistant to the first two strains of the fungus that killed the Gros Michel banana but is susceptible to a fourth strain. Data from Taiwan shows banana cultivation dropping from 50,000 hectares in the 1960s to just 6,000 hectares by 2000, suggesting the

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    1 views9 pages

    My Slide Show

    Uploaded by

    Cookle Plex
    Fusarium oxysporum is a fungus that causes disease in banana plants. Its spores can survive in soil for over 20 years. The fungus infects the plant's root cortex and spreads through the xylem, absorbing nutrients and killing the plant within 3-7 months. In the 1950s, it was first observed in Australia and has since infected thousands of hectares of land. The Cavendish banana, which is currently the main commercial banana, is resistant to the first two strains of the fungus that killed the Gros Michel banana but is susceptible to a fourth strain. Data from Taiwan shows banana cultivation dropping from 50,000 hectares in the 1960s to just 6,000 hectares by 2000, suggesting the

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    Fusarium oxysporum

    Ascomycetes
    Disease
    Chlamydospores in soil
    (survives 20+ years)
    Invades root cortex

    Mycelium spreads in
    xylem, absorbing
    available nutrition

    death in ~3-7 months


    Some Epidemiology
    There have been
    thousands of hectors
    of land infected

    First observed 1953 –


    Australia
    Old
    Current
    Cavendish banana
    resistant to R1 & R2
    but not R4!
    Are the Cavendish banana’s going to all
    die?

    Data from Taiwan

     Went from 50,000 hectors ~1960s being


    farmed to 6,000 hectors ~2000 

     Is this a prediction of things to come for


    the rest of the world?
    Well, it’s all happened before!

    R1 & R2 killed almost all the Gros


    Michel bananas.

    The Cavendish was picked as


    replacement because it’s resistant
    to those two fungus strains
    Antifungal
    fludioxonil
    part of a group of
    related drugs
    (-phenylpyrroles)
    -phenylpyrroles are considered safe for
    human consumption.

    !Major environmental hazard!

    Imagine!

     Used in seed treatment

     Used in Post-harvest
    treatment

     Used in Fungal disease control


    plant treatment – spraying leaves daily
    with treatment
    Citation List

    https://gyansanchay.csjmu.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Fusarium-oxysporum.pdf

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/data-hub/taxonomy/5507

    https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PHYTO-04-15-0101-RVW

    https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00700.x

    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.01395/full#:~:text=The%20time%20between%20root
    %20infection,plant%2C%20and%20prevailing%20environmental%20conditions

    https://www.rtb.cgiar.org/news/scientists-convene-to-reveal-new-research-and-tools-for-combatting-a-dea
    dly-banana-disease

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gros_Michel_banana#/media/File:Approximately_30_Gros_Michel_Bananas.j
    pg

    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Cavendish_Banana_DS.jpg

    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Fludioxonil#:~:text=Fludioxonil%20is%20a%20member%20o
    f,including%20Fusarium%2C%20Rhizoctonia%20and%20Alternaria

    https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0278691522006627-ga1_lrg.jpg

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5159414

    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07028

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