PERFORMANCE BASED PUSHOVER

ANALYSIS IN RC FRAMED
STRUCTURES WITH BRACED
SYSTEM

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INTRODUCTION

 Earthquakes are very common in every part of the world

 In order to resist the buildings from the severe motions many
analysis methods were developed.
 Pushover analysis is a method to evaluate the performance
level of building
 Pushover Analysis produces a Pushover curve consists of
capacity spectrum, demand spectrum and performance point.
 It shows the performance level of the building components
and also maximum base shear carrying capacity of the
structure.

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OBJECTIVES
 To study the pushover non linear analysis subjected to loading
condition in multi storey building
 To investigate pushover analysis, of multi storey building
under different dampers in the form of different bracing
system
  To study the performance of a building after pushover
analysis

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 LITERATURE REVIEW.

AUTHOR STUDY FINDINGS

Shahrin Hossain evaluating the seismic • The performance of
performance of an in filled frame was found
residential buildings in to be much better than a
Dhaka bare frame structure
Dinesh J. Sabu and seismic evaluation of • The concrete jacketing
Pajgade existing reinforced method was easy,
concrete building effective and economical
method for improving
the seismic resistance
capacity of the member
Non-linear static analysis • Give identification of
(pushover analysis) a progression of damage and
Komal Joshi subsequently failure of
review
building's structural element
.
• By pushover analysis, One
can get behaviour of
building in non-linear zone
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AUTHOR STUDY
LITERATURE REVIEW
Vojko kilar (2015)
Simplified pushover analysis
of building structure
Rahiman G. Khan(2013) Push Over Analysis of Tall
Building with Soft Stories at
Different Levels
Spyridon themelis Pushover analysis for seismic
assessment and design
of structures
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FINDINGS
• Simple procedure for the
pushover analysis of
building structures is
capable to estimate real
strength mechanism
• Appropriate for practical
analysis & design of
earthquake resistant
structures
Performance based seismic
engineering (PBSE)
observe expected performance
of any structure under large
forces and modify design
• This provided some basic
information on the use, and
accuracy of the various
pushover analysis methods in
the seismic assessment and
design of structures
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 CONT…

AUTHOR STUDY FINDINGS

Anik Gupta (2016) Pushover analysis of a multi- • The pushover analysis is
storeyed building approximate in nature and
is based on static
loading.it cannot represent
dynamic phenomena with
a large degree of accuracy

• Pushover analysis proves

Nishant Rana (2015) Non-Linear Static Analysis to be efficient tool for
(Pushover Analysis) studying the behaviour of
the structure in non-linear
zone.

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PUSHOVER ANALYSIS
 Pushover is a static nonlinear analysis method where a
structure subjected to gravity loading and a monotonic
displacement
 controlled lateral load pattern which continuously increases
through elastic and inelastic behaviour until an ultimate
condition is reached.
 Lateral load may represent the range of base shear induced by
earthquake loading
 Its configuration may be proportional to the distribution of
mass along building height, mode shapes, or another practical
means.

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TYPES
 There are two nonlinear analysis procedure
a) Displacement coefficient method (DCM),documented
FEMA-356
b) Capacity spectrum method (CSM),documented in ATC -40
 Both method depend on lateral load deformation variation

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Displacement Coefficient Method
 DCM is nonlinear static analysis procedure which provides a
numerical process for estimating the displacement demand on
the structure
 By using a bilinear representation of the capacity curve and a
series of modification factors or coefficients to calculate a
target displacement
 The point on the capacity curve at the target displacement is
the equivalent of performance point in the capacity spectrum
method

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Capacity Spectrum Method
 CSM is a non linear static analysis procedure which provides a
graphical representation of the expected seismic performance
of the structure
 It is obtained by intersecting the structures capacity spectrum
with the response spectrum(demand spectrum) of the
earthquake
 The intersection point is called as the performance point
 The displacement coordinate dp of the performance point is
the estimated demand on the structure

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE LEVEL
1.Operatioal Level(OL)
 As per this level building are expected to sustain no

permanent damage
 Structure retain original strength and stiffness

 Major cracking is seen in partition walls and ceiling etc

2.Immediate Occupancy Level (IO)

 In this level building are expected no drift and structure

retains its original strength and stiffness

 Minor cracking in partition walls and structural elements is

observed

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Cont…

3.Life Safety Level(LS)

 This level indicates some residual strength and stiffness is left

available in the structure

 Drift can be observed with some failure to the partition walls

and tripping of parapet is seen

 Building is beyond the economical repair

4.Collapse Prevention Level (CP)

 Building expected to have little residual strength and stiffness

 Load bearing structural elements functions

 Expected to sustain large permanent drift, failure of partition

infill and parapets and building remains in collapse level

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE LEVEL
 Point A is the original state (OL) of
structure
 Point B represents yielding and no
deformation occurs in the hinge up to
point B.
 Point C represents the ultimate
capacity/Limit for pushover analysis.
 Point D represents a residual strength
limit in the structure. After this limit
Structure initialize collapsing.
 Point E represent total failure of the
structure. After this point hinges break
down.
Force -Displacement curve of a Hinge

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 Capacity :Pushover capacity curves
approximate how structure behaves after
exceeding the elastic limits
 Demand :the displacement is an estimate
of the maximum expected response of the
building during ground motion
 Performance level :The main output of a
pushover analysis is in terms of response
demand versus capacity. If the demand
curve intersects the capacity envelope near
the elastic range (then the structure has a
good resistance. If the demand curve
intersects the capacity curve with little
reserve of strength and deformation
capacity, the structure will behave poor

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HINGE
 Point of Inelastic action of the structural member is called as Plastic hinge
 In this state structural member starts loosing strength to comeback in
previous position
 We assign hinges to Model for observing the structural behaviour of
sequential lose of strength in different performance level of the structure
due to seismic effect
 A hinge can be assigned to points along the length of one or more Frame
elements.
 Relative distance of Hinge ‘0.1’ means if the member length 1 meter, then
the location of the hinge at 0.1meter (10% of the length) from starting
point of the member.

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NUMERICAL VALIDATIONS
 Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures

PARAMETERS OF THE STRUCTURE

Story height: 3.2m
 Beams size :300x450 mm
Column size :300x450 mm
Slab thickness :120mm
Live load :3 kN/m2
Floor finish load :1 kN/m2
Concrete grade :M25
Steel :Fe415
Seismic zone :2
Zone factor:0.36
Important factor:1
Response reduction factor:5

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GEOMETRY

G+4 STOREY
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LOAD DIAGRAM

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 VALIDATION RESULT

BASE SHEAR RESULT

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JOURNAL RESULT

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CONCLUSIONS
 5-10% error occurs due to version difference
 Both result have good convergence

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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 In order to understand the behaviour of reinforced concrete
frame with and without bracings
 5,10,15 storey building are analysed
 Building with X and inverted v bracings are used
 The present study deals with 9-different kinds of Building
models:
 1. RC Frame without Bracings in 5,10,15 storeys
 2. Model-1: RC Frame with X Bracings in 5,10,15 storeys
 3. Model-2: RC Frame with Inverted V Bracings in 5,10,15 storeys

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INPUT DETAILS
1.ELEMENT DETAILS
Column Size:400x400 mm
Beam Size :300x230 mm
Slab Thickness:125 mm
Bracings Type : I section
2.MATERIAL PROPERTIES
M-25 grade concrete
Fe-250 grade reinforcing steel
3.BOUNDARY CONDITION
Fixed support

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LOADS
1.EQ LOAD PARAMETERS
 Parameters as per IS:1893-2002

 Z = Zone factor = 0.36(for seismic Zone II)

 I = Importance factor = 1

 R = Response reduction factor = 5

2.WIND LOADS
 Wind speed :38 m\s

 Wind ward pressure:0.8

 Leeward pressure:0.5

3.GRAVITY LOADS
Wall load =10 KN/m
Live load =4.5 KN/m²

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5story with and without bracings

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10 story with and without bracings

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15 story with and without bracings

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ANALYSIS STEPS IN ETABS

 Finalize/Design the Structural Members.

 Then we will decide to push displacement value up to which we want to
observe the behaviour of structure For example we will use here 300mm
as our push Displacement
 Define Load Case: Convert Dead load to Nonlinear Static Load Case
 Define>LoadCase>Add New>Name-PAx>Type-NS>MassSource-MsSrc1
(as we defined before)>Initial Condition-Continue from State-Dead>Loads
Applied-Add-Ltype-Acceleration Ux-Factor1>Load
Application>Displacement Control>Use Monitored Displacement>300mm
at Joint 1>DOF>U1> ResultsSaved>Modify>Multiple Stage>
 Same way Define PAyusing Acceleration Uydirection
 Assign Hinge Properties-Select All
Beams>Assign>Frame>Hinges>AutoM3>Distance .1 to 0.9 >Table
Concrete Beam, V Value from PAx

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Cont..

 Similar way Assign Hinge for Columns & Walls

 Then select all beams & columns. Assign Hinge OverWrights> This will
discretize the members & can give better result.
 Then Set the Load Cases to Run analysis. Linear Analysis is used to
design the section sizes of the members & Nonlinear Analysis used to
observe the Designed Structure’s behavior. So, Here we will run only
Nonlinear Static analysis to observe proper structural behavior for defined
Push Displacement.
 After running analysis see deformed shape for Push along X direction &
Y Direction and observe what hinges are
forming>OL>IO>LS>CP>C>D>E
 Display Pushover Curve- 1st Base Shear vs Displacement,(See how the
base shear drops as the hinges forms & reach different stage)

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RESULT & ANALYSIS

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BASIC GLOBAL STRENGTH

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PUSHOVER RESULTS
SPECTRUM SPECTRUM
ACCELERATION(10ˉ3) DISPLACEMENT(mm)
10³
15WITHOUTBRACINGS 170 1.1
15 X 85 0.58
15 INVERTED V 120 0.85
10WITHOUTBRACINGS 98 0.35
10X 50 0.15
10 INVERETD V 60 0.22
5WITHOUTBRACINGS 68 0.23
5X 40 0.14
5 INVERTED V 55 0.2
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15 STORY WITH X BRACINGS

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CONCLUSIONS
 Pushover analysis is carried out to check the
performance of the structure
 Steel bracing system are good alternative to retrofit

existing structure RC building because bracings are

less in weight and economical
 X braced type is more effective among all type of

system
 While no of story increases capacity decreases in the

existing rc frames

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REFERENCE
 FEMA 310 ( Federal Emergency Management Agency ) . Handbook for the
Seismic Evaluation of Buildings.
 Mohammad Taghipour(2015) “Seismic Analysis (Non-linear Static Analysis
(Pushover) and Nonlinear Dynamic) on Cable - Stayed Bridge”,American
Journal of Civil Engineering2015.
 Spyridon themelis “Pushover analysis for seismic assessment and design of

structures:, heriot-watt university, october 2008.

 Mukul Rathore “Pushover analysis of a multi-storeyed building”, International

Conference On Engineering Science & Management December 2016 .

 Nishant Rana “Non-Linear Static Analysis (Pushover Analysis) A Review”,

International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research Volume-3, Issue-7,

July 2015.
 Komal Joshi “ Non-linear static analysis (pushover analysis )”, International

Journal of Engineering and Technical Research Volume-2, Issue-6, may 2016.

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THANK YOU

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