By : Nurlely Sigiro, S.S.

EXPLANATION TEXT
THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 Pengetahun  Ketrampilan
 3.5.1. Mengidentifikasi  4.5.1 Menyusun teks
ungkapan kalimat ilmiah dengan passive
passive voice dalam voice (C6)
berbagai konteks (C1)
 3.5.2. Memilih subject
pronoun atau object
pronoun dalam kalimat
(C4)
THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 Pengetahuan  Ketrampilan
 3.8.1. Mengidentifikasi fungsi sosial,
struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan
 4.8.1 Menyusun paragraph
beberapa teks explanation lisan dan tulis explanation acak
dengan memberi dan meminta informasi
terkait gejala alam yang tercakup dalam
mata pelajaran lain di kelas XI, sesuai
 4.8.2 Melakukan presentasi terkait
dengan konteks penggunaannya teks explanation berdasarkan
topik yang telah ditentukan
 3.8.2. Menggunakan fungsi sosial,
struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan teks  4.8.3 Membuat teks Explanation
explanation lisan dan tulis dengan
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
tertulis dengan memperhatikan
gejala alam atau sosial yang tercakup fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan
dalam mata pelajaran lain di kelas XI, unsur kebahasaan, yang benar dan
sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya sesuai konteks.
(C3)
DISCUSS THESE QUESTIONS

 What is digestion?
 What are the human organ to digest
food?
 How is the process of digestion in
human body?
 What kind of text is this?
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF HUMAN BODY
General Statement

Sequence of Explanation

Closing
DEFINITION

 A non-fiction text that is used to

describe how or why things happen.
 It is usually includes a sequence of
events (explaning how) and provide
reasons for a process or
phenomenon (why)
TYPES OF EXPLANATION TEXT

 Sequential  Cause and

Explanation Effect
 Explanation that Explanation
describe natural  Explanation text that
and non-natural links cause and effect
phenomena, for in exploring how and
why an event occured,
example life cycles
for example volcanoes
SOCIAL FUNCTION

 Todescribe how or why a

certain phenomenon
happens
TEXT STRUCTURE
 General Statement: contains a topic or object or
phenomenon going to be explained. Introduces
the topic generally.
 Sequence of Explanation: explains how and
why the phenomenon happens. The processes of
the phenomenon chronologically.
 Closing (optional): contains very brief summary
related to what is stated in general statement and
what is explained.
GENERAL STATEMENT

 A definition or question
 A brief desription
EXPLANATION SEQUENCE

Explain how something works :

 What it is used for

 What each part does

 How the part work together

 How to use it

Explain why something happens

 How and why it start

 What happens next, after that, finally

CLOSING

 A summary or recommendation
 A general comment about use or
history
LANGUAGE FEATURES
 Focus on generic participant
 The use of action verbs
 The use of present tense
 The use of passive voice
 The use of time connectives
 The use of technical terms and language
 The use of conjuctions (cause/effect)
GENERIC PARTICIPANT
 General group for example : sun, rain, tsunami,
daylight
CONJUCTIONS

Explanation text uses CAUSE/ EFFECT signal

words such as :
 Then

 As a result

 So
 If

 Because

 Therefore
 BEES MAKE HONEY
Bees are the only insects which produce food for humans. The food
the honey bee produces is unique, good tasting, beneficial and
nutricious. So how does a bee make honey?
First, bees drink nectar from flowers using their long tongue. Their
tongue helps them to reach the nectar inside the flower.
Then, bees store the nectar in a special sac called a honey stomach.
Inside the stomach, special enzyme changes nectar into two sugars
called fructose and glucose.
After the bees return to their hive, they spit the nectar from its
honey stomach into one of the cells.
Next, the heat in the hive evaporate water from the nectar and it
turns into honey.
Finally, the bees cover the cell with a wax cap.
Thousands of worker bees can produce over 200 pounds of honey
for the colony in a year. Imagine if there are no bees on this earth!
LANGUANGE FEATURES
Fiil in the language features from the text “Bees Make Honey”

Generic participant :

Action verb :

Present tense :

Passive voice

Time connectives :

Technical terms and language :

Cause/effect conjunction :
 Human Digestive System

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to

built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we
take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the
places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is
broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice
secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which
moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.  From the mouth, food
passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the
food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several
hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular
walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards. 
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by
the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed
into the bloodstream.
Activity 1
Work in groups. Identify the purpose, generic structure, and language feature of the
text.

Purpose Generic Structure Language Features

General Sequence of Closing Present (Cause- Time

Statement Explanation Tense Effect) Connecti
Clause ves
Text 1
Flood
Flooding is a disaster which commonly happens in large and
densely populated cities. In Indonesia, the floods hit Jakarta very often
and cause many victims. Then, do you know the process of how flood
happens? Pay attention to the following explanation.
The process of natural flooding is preceded by rain which falls to
the surface of the earth. Then the rain water is absorbed by the ground
surface and flows to the lower place. Once that condition happens,
evaporation and the water appear to the surface of the land. Flooding
can be disastrous for humans when floods happen in an area that
people live because the water carries along objects like house bridges,
cars, furniture and even people.
On the other hand, the process of non natural flooding is usually
caused by bad habits of humans who do not care about the
environment, such as littering that can make water flow clogged. This
makes the water deposited in landfills which gradually becomes more
common. When water reservoirs can no longer hold water discharge,
the water then overflows out the land and cause flooding.
Text 2
Tsunami
In Indonesia, we are very familiar with the word “tsunami”.
This natural disaster has ever killed thousands of lives in
Banda Aceh a few years ago. Indonesia mourned, the world
mourned. Then, how the Tsunami happens? Here is a brief
explanation of the process of how the Asian tsunami happens.
Tsunamis can occur if there is a phenomenon which causes the
displacement of large amounts of water in the ocean, such as
volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, and meteors that
fall to Earth. However, 90% of tsunamis is the result of
underwater earthquakes.
Vertical movement in Earth’s crust in the bottom of the
ocean causes a sudden up or down movement of sea floor which
then causes the water balance disorders above it. This
disturbance causes the occurrence of the flow of the massive
sea water energy, that once it reaches the shore, it becomes
Texts Cause- Conjunct Time Passive Present
Effect ion Connect Voice Tense
Clause ives

Text 1

Text 2